GREEK CITIZENSHIP & SPARTA VS ATHENS Who were allowed/denied citizenship in the Greek polis’ & Who were the Spartans and Athenians

GREEK CITY-STATES  Polis is Greek for city  The Greek city-states were referred to as the polis

CITIZENSHIP IN THE POLIS  Citizenship was only available to free adult males  Equality did not exist in the polis  To become a citizen, free adult men had to provide 10 years of military service

MEMBERS OF THE POLIS  Citizens: free adult males  Given political rights (ability to vote)  Civic participation in the government was required  Free people: women, foreigners, and young males  No political rights  Slaves  No political rights I mean free-adult males*

INTRODUCTION TO SPARTA  Sparta was a city-state in ancient Greece located along the Peloponnesian Peninsula  Sparta was ruled by an oligarchy (small elite group)  The oligarchy was comprised of military leaders

SPARTAN SOCIETY  Spartan society was militaristic and aggressive  They developed a rigid social structure with few rights for the lower classes  All Spartan men were involved in the military, thus manual labor (especially agriculture) were done by slaves (Helots)  Slaves vastly outnumbered the Spartans

SPARTAN MILITARY TRAINING  At age 7 boys were taken from their homes and entered a state-sponsored military training program, known as the Agoge  At age 20 they became full citizens and were required to stay in the military until age 60  The Spartans fought in a phalanx formation  The formation was closed and tight  No one soldier was more important that the other history-spartans?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false

SPARTAN WOMEN  Due to the mass amounts of slaves (Helots) Spartan women were freed of many domestic responsibilities  They were educated  Their main duties or obligation was to marry and birth Spartan males  In preparation for marriage they would shave their heads and upon marriage would keep their hair short

INTRODUCTION TO ATHENS  Athens was a city-state in ancient Greece located along the Balkan Peninsula  Athens is the epitome of Greek culture and contributions  When people think of ancient Greece they typically think of Athenian culture  Athens was named after their patron goddess Athena

ATHENIAN POLITICAL EVOLUTION  Athens was renowned for their intellectual achievements and advancements politics  Athens went through several stages of government 1. Monarchy—ruled by a King/Queen of a royal family 2.Aristocracy—ruled by the upper-class 3.Tyranny—ruled by a strict absolute ruler 4.Democracy—ruled by the citizens MATDMATD

ATHENIAN TYRANTS/REFORMERS  Draco ruled Athens around 620 BCE  He established a harsh legal system, the first in uniform system of law in Athens  The convicted often received death  However, the accused had a right to a trial and were innocent until proven guilty

ATHENIAN TYRANTS/REFORMERS  Solon ruled Athens around 544 BCE  He modified the laws of Draco making them less severe  He freed the slaves in Athens and supported the rights of the lower classes  Democracy in Athens is often tied back to the rule of Solon

ATHENIAN DEMOCRACY  Athens developed the world’s first democracy, which was a direct democracy  The people decide on the policies, laws, and political initiatives  The Athenians supported public debates and demanded that citizens participate in the political process  However, only 10-20% of the population were citizens that could participate

ATHENIAN DEMOCRACY  The stability of Athenian democracy allowed them to focus on academia and the arts  The Athenians are still celebrated for their architectural, literary, philosophical, and scientific achievements

ATHENIAN FORMS OF GOVERNMENT TIMELINE: Description:

ATHENIAN FORMS OF GOVERNMENT TIMELINE: Description: MonarchyAristocracyTyrannyDemocracy King or Queen of a royal family rules Rule rich upper-class people Harsh/cruel government controlled by an absolute ruler Rule by the people— people rule the government

Sparta Athens Word Bank: - Direct Democracy- Ruled by an oligarchy- Militaristic and aggressive society- Fought using the phalanx formation - Public Debates- City-states in Greece- Harsh laws of Draco- Manual labor was done by the Helots - Rigid Social Structure- Solon’s legal reforms- Boys forced into military training- Significant intellectual and artistic achievements - Democratic Principles- Located on the Balkan Peninsula- Located on the Peloponnesian Peninsula- Access to the Mediterranean Sea

Sparta Athens Word Bank: - Direct Democracy- Ruled by an oligarchy- Militaristic and aggressive society- Fought using the phalanx formation - Public Debates- City-states in Greece- Harsh laws of Draco- Manual labor was done by the Helots - Rigid Social Structure- Solon’s legal reforms- Boys forced into military training- Significant intellectual and artistic achievements - Democratic Principles- Located on the Balkan Peninsula- Located on the Peloponnesian Peninsula- Access to the Mediterranean and Aegean Seas - Direct democracy - Public debates - Rigid social structure - Democratic principles - Ruled by an oligarchy - City-states in Greece - Solon’s legal reforms - Located on the Balkan Peninsula - Militaristic and aggressive society - Harsh laws of Draco - Boys forced into military training - Located on the Peloponnesian Peninsula - Fought using the phalanx formation - Manual labor was done by the Helots - Significant intellectual and artistic achievements - Access to the Mediterranean and Aegean Seas