Chapter 5 Preserving Aquatic Biodiversity

Marine biodiversity Marine biodiversity is higher in coral reefs and estuaries because of more habitats and nutrients. 3.5 billion people depend on the sea for their primary source of food. food antibiotics coral is used to reconstruct bones Anticancer drugs

Invasive Water Hyacinths

Great Pacific Trash Vortex

In Wisconsin an invasive is a common carp

Case Study: Industrial Fish Harvesting Methods Trawler fishing-catch fish that live near the ocean floor such as shrimp, cod and flounder disturbs the ocean floor Purse-seine fishing - huge net to catch tuna may also snare dolphins Longlining- some of these lines may be as long as 80 miles may catch unwanted (BY CATCH) fish and endangered species Drift-net fishing_(gill net)--- catches the fish by the gills may catch unwanted fish and also result in overfishing of an area

Fig. 11-7, p. 256 Fish farming in cage Spotter airplane Trawler fishing Sonar Purse-seine fishing Long line fishing lines with hooks Deep sea aquaculture cage Drift-net fishing Float Buoy Fish caught by gills Stepped Art

Natural Capital Degradation: Area of Ocean Bottom Before and After a Trawler

Hawaiian Monk Seal Plastics tend to tangle and snarl wildlife

An Endangered Leatherback Turtle is Entangled in a Fishing Net

Bycatch- usually smaller fish that are caught as a consequence of catching larger fish

Legal Protection of Some Endangered and Threatened Marine Species Why is it hard to protect marine biodiversity? – Human ecological footprint and fishprint are expanding – Much of the damage in the ocean is not visible – The oceans are incorrectly viewed as an inexhaustible resource – Most of the ocean lies outside the legal jurisdiction of any country

EVERGLADES River of Grass”: south Florida, U.S. Since 1948: damaged – Drained – Diverted – Paved over – Nutrient pollution from agriculture – Invasive plant species 1947: Everglades National Park unsuccessful protection project

Natural Capital Restoration: Wetland Restoration in Canada

Ecological Services of Wetlands Absorb large amounts of water runoff preventing flooding. Coastal wetlands can buffer against ocean storm surges. Wetlands can decompose vegetation and thus return nutrients to the ecosystem. Wetlands are teaming with life.

The process of sewage treatment and wetland water purification have commonalities Sewage sludge

Fig. 8-10, p. 170 OceanBeachPrimary Dune TroughSecondary Dune Back DuneBay or Lagoon Recreation, no building Walkways, no building Limited recreation and walkways Walkways, no building Most suitable for development Recreation Grasses or shrubs Bay shore Taller shrubs Taller shrubs and trees

Walk way over primary duneA seawall to reduce erosion

FUN REVIEW 1. Plant matter is phyto_____________? 2. __________ Carson wrote “Silent Spring” 3. Wrote the “Jungle” which exposed conditions in the US meat packing industry. 4. First “big” environmental president.

PLACES Nuclear accident city 6. _____________ aquifer in the United States mid west. 7. Volcanic eruption in the state of Washington in _______ mile island 9. A river in the western United States that is having very reduced flow. Hint: it bears a states name. 10. City in the country of India of 1984 methyl isocyanate release___________

Legal Write out the FULL name of these legal abbreviations 11. CITES 12. MMPA of U.S. ESA of SMCRA

Speeding up recovery of damaged ecosystems 15 Artificial ecosystems may include sinking old tires or creating a __________ to reduce flooding and provide habitat for aquatic organisms. 16. Habitat _________________ is trying to return a particular degraded habitat to a condition close to its natural state.

Names for groups of mammals These are not in the book. 17. baboons 18. oxen 19. rhinoceri 20. moose 21. elks 22. lions 23. camels