1. Chapter 12 Preserving Aquatic Biodiversity

2. Marine biodiversity
Marine biodiversity is higher in coral reefs and estuaries because of more habitats and nutrients.
3.5 billion people depend on the sea for their primary source of food.
food antibiotics coral is used to reconstruct bones
Anticancer drugs

3. Invasive Water Hyacinths

4. Great Pacific Trash Vortex

5. In Wisconsin an invasive is a common carp

6. Case Study: Industrial Fish Harvesting Methods
Trawler fishing-catch fish that live near the ocean floor such as shrimp, cod and flounder
disturbs the ocean floor
Purse-seine fishing - huge net to catch tuna may also snare dolphins
Longlining- some of these lines may be as long as 80 miles may catch unwanted (BY CATCH) fish and endangered species
Drift-net fishing_(gill net)--- catches the fish by the gills may catch unwanted fish and also result in overfishing of an area

7. Marine life zones Open ocean (pelagic zone) estuary abyssal zone
Coral reefs bathyal zone

8. Deep sea aquaculture cage
Fish farming in cage
Trawler fishing
Sonar
Spotter airplane
Purse-seine fishing
Drift-net fishing
Float
Buoy
Fish caught by gills
Long line fishing
lines with hooks
Figure 11.7
Major commercial fishing methods used to harvest various marine species. These methods have become so effective that many fish species have become commercially extinct.
Deep sea aquaculture cage
Stepped Art
Fig. 11-7, p. 256

9. Natural Capital Degradation: Area of Ocean Bottom Before and After a Trawler

10. Hawaiian Monk Seal Plastics tend to tangle and snarl wildlife

11. An Endangered Leatherback Turtle is Entangled in a Fishing Net

12. Bycatch- usually smaller fish that are caught as a consequence of catching larger fish

13. Legal Protection of Some Endangered and Threatened Marine Species
Why is it hard to protect marine biodiversity?
Human ecological footprint and fishprint are expanding
Much of the damage in the ocean is not visible
The oceans are incorrectly viewed as an inexhaustible resource
Most of the ocean lies outside the legal jurisdiction of any country

14. EVERGLADES River of Grass”: south Florida, U.S. Since 1948: damaged
Drained
Diverted
Paved over
Nutrient pollution from agriculture
Invasive plant species
1947: Everglades National Park unsuccessful protection project

15. Natural Capital Restoration: Wetland Restoration in Canada

17. Limited recreation and walkways Most suitable for development
Ocean
Beach
Primary Dune
Trough
Secondary Dune
Back Dune
Bay or Lagoon
Recreation, no building
Walkways, no building
Limited recreation and walkways
Walkways, no building
Most suitable for development
Recreation
Bay shore
Grasses or shrubs
Taller shrubs
Figure 8.10
Primary and secondary dunes on gently sloping sandy barrier beaches help protect land from erosion by the sea. The roots of grasses that colonize the dunes hold the sand in place. Ideally, construction is allowed only behind the second strip of dunes, and walkways to the ocean beach are built so as not to damage the dunes. This helps to preserve barrier beaches and to protect buildings from damage by wind, high tides, beach erosion, and flooding from storm surges. Such protection is rare in some coastal areas because the short-term economic value of oceanfront land is considered much higher than its long-term ecological value. Rising sea levels from global warming may put many barrier beaches under water by the end of this century. Question: Do you think that the long and short-term ecological values of oceanfront dunes outweigh the short-term economic value of removing them for coastal development? Explain.
Taller shrubs and trees
Fig. 8-10, p. 170

18. Chapter 12 Readings (case studies)
Chapter 12 Readings  (case studies)
    p.250 on High Tech Ocean Exploration
     Page 254 on Industrial Harvesting Methods
     p.256 on the Florida Manatee
     p. 259 on the Blue whale
     p. 263 on restoring a wetland

19. FUN REVIEW People 1. John ____________Society? 2. __________ Carson
3. Wrote the “Jungle” which exposed conditions in the US meat packing industry.
4. First “big” environmental president.

20. PLACES 5. 1986 Nuclear accident city
6. _____________ aquifer in the United States mid west.
7. Volcanic eruption in the state of Washington in 1980.
8. _______ mile island
9. A river in the western United States that is having very reduced flow. Hint: it bears a states name.
10. City in the country of India of 1984 methyl isocyanate release___________

21. Legal Write out the FULL name of these legal abbreviations
11. CITES
12. MMPA of 1972
13. U.S. ESA of 1973
14. SMCRA

22. Names for groups of mammals These are not in the book.
15. baboons
16. oxen
17. rhinoceri
18. moose
19. elks
20. lions
21. camels

23. Speeding up recovery of damaged ecosystems
14__________________ ecosystems may include sinking old tires or creating a wetland to reduce flooding.
15. ____________trying to return a particular degraded habitat to a condition close to its natural state.