Dept.ofAnaesthesiology. K.G.M.C.H. Emergency First Aid and CPR

First and immediate help given to anyone affected by accident, injury, disease before getting medical help. Help to -save life -prevent complications Don’t -get tensed -aggravate the condition DEFINITION

EMERGENCY FIRST AID íIf you are the first on the scene of accident that results in an injury or serious illness, you may be the only link between a victim and emergency medical care. í Your role is to take action, whether by providing first aid, seeking medical help or calling EMS. í Your actions may improve the victims chance of recovery.

BLEEDING ÜARTERIAL- spurts/bright red. ÜVENOUS - steadyflow/ blood is dark. ÜCAPILLARY – slow & oozing

BLEEDING – How to control. ÜDirect Pressure (bandage may be used) ÜElevate (above the heart) ÜPressure Point Radial artery -wrist. Brachial artery –upper arm Femoral artery – groin. ÜPressure Bandage

FIRST AID FOR SPRAINS AND STRAINS I-C-E  I - Ice, apply a cold pack. Do not apply ice directly to skin.  C - Compress, use an elastic or conforming wrap - not too tight.  E - Elevate, above heart level to control internal bleeding.

CARE FOR DISLOCATIONS AND FRACTURES  Control bleeding, if present.  Care for shock, See “Care for Shock” slide.  Splint affected area to prevent further movement.  Cold packs, to reduce pain&swelling  Activate Emergency Medical Services (EMS),

# spine  If suspicion (complaints of severe pain in his neck or back, numbness or paralysis of limbs) – Don’t move the person and keep him still.  Place heavy towels on both sides of the neck to prevent movement.  Provide CPR if neccesory.  Arrange ambulance.

SHOCK  Shock is failure of CVS to supply blood to vital organs. (heart,lungs & brain)  If shock is not treated, it can cause death. (any type of injury can cause shock).  Signs and symptoms of shock.  -confused -fast or slow pulserate -fast or slow breathing -cool and moist skin -pale or bluish skin,lips,& fingernails.

CARE FOR SHOCK  Keep the victim laying down (if possible).  Elevate legs inches… unless you suspect a spinal injury or broken bones.  Cover the victim to maintain body temperature.  Provide the victim with plenty of fresh air.  If victim begins to vomit - place them on their left side.  Call EMS.

Burns - TYPES 1.Dry burn- flames, hot objects. 2.Scalds- steams, hot liquids. 3.Electrical burn -Low& high voltage currents, lightening. 4.Cold injury -frostbite. 5.Chemical burn -Industrial & domestic chemicals 6.Radiation burn -sun burn & radioactive

Burns - First Aid z Burns y1st Degree - redness with swelling and pain, flush with cool water y2nd Degree - blisters, redness with severe pain place damp bandage, use no ointments y3rd Degree - white or charred and painless, use dry bandage y2nd or 3rd - get medical attention

For Major Burns x Don’t remove burnt clothing x Don’t immerse severe large burns in coldwater cause shock x Check for signs of circulation (breathing,coughing or movement) start CPR. x Cover the area of burn Use a cool,moist, sterile bandage.

Cold - Stress Dress in layers Limit exposed skin LFrostbite - localized frozen tissue LDo not rub area, limit motion, immerse in warm water LHypothermia - lowered body temperature LRemove wet clothing, use dry blankets, hot drinks JSeek medical attention

Temperature Stress - Heat RSunburn - keep skin covered RHeat Cramps - drink dilute “Gatorade” RHeat Exhaustion -heavy sweating, cool skin -Cool victim, seek medical attention if vomiting RHeat Stroke - medical emergency -Hot, dry skin, rapid then weakening pulse -Cool victim immediately. Call EMS.

ELECTRIC SHOCK Can cause Cardiac arrest Heart rhythm problems Respiratory failure SeizuresUnconsciousness Numbness and tingling

ELECTRIC SHOCK- FIRST AID Look first. Don’t touch the person. Turn off the source of electricity Check for signs ofcirculation (breathing, coughing or movement) Lay the person down to prevent shock

Drowning  Use rope, stick to help them out  Prone position  Remove foreign body in nose and throat  Compress abdomen  Mouth to mouth respiration

Snake bite + Remain calm. + Don’t move the bitten limbs. + Apply a loose splint to reduce movement. + Don’t use a tourniquet. + Don’t cut the wound to remove the venom. + Identify the snake if possible. + Seek medical attention as soon as possible.

Chest pain- First aid Signs and symptoms LFullness or squeezing pain in the center of the chest. LPain spreading to the shoulders, neck or arms. LSweating and shortness of breath.

Chest pain- First aid LCall EMS immediately. LTake nitroglycerine, if already prescribed. LHave someone drive you to nearest hospital. LIf unconscious – assess and start CPR.

POISONING FIRST AID  signs and symptoms of poisoning.  When to call for help.  What to do while waiting for help.  What NOT to do.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF POISONING  Burns or redness around mouth and lips.  Breath smells like chemicals.  Burns, stains and odors on the person.  Empty medication bottles or scattered pills.  Vomiting, difficult breathing, sleepiness, confusion.  Call EMS.

WHAT TO DO WHILE WAITING  Get in to fresh air immediately.  If the poison spilled on the person, remove the clothing, flush the skin or eyes with cool or lukewarm water.  Take the poison container with you to the hospital.

WHAT NOT TO DO Don’t administer anything to induce vomiting in semi- conscious patient.

REMEMBER!!! UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS:  The routine use of appropriate barrier precautions to prevent skin and mucous membrane exposure when contact with blood or other body fluids of any individual may occur or is anticipated.  Universal Precautions apply to blood and to all other body fluids with potential for spreading any infections.

First Aid and CPR Know how to get help Let us help you

THE END Department of Anaesthesiology KGMCH Asaripallam.