Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT), Japan Japanese proposal on evapo –gtr 4 Jun EPPR-07-18e Test results of evaporative emission using various reference fuels

2 Abstract of Japanese Evaporative Emission Test Purpose In GTR study of evaporation, we check the correlation between evaporative limit values ​​ and test fuels. Test contents Test fuels Test vehicles Test procedure Euro E5 fuel (regulated by GTR No.2) and Japanese E0 fuel and E10 fuel (used for type approval tests in Japan) 4 vehicles with different engine displacements GTR draft procedure Test schedule 12~23 May 2014

3 Specifications of Test Fuels The most influential factor on evaporative emissions will be evaporation characteristics. Other specifications are shown in Exhibit 1 (table of fuel specifications). All fuels have similar Reid vapor pressure (RVP) and distillation characteristics. Max. and min. limits for Reid vapor pressure under Japan and Euro5 regulations coincident with each other. Regulation limit

4 Specifications of Test Vehicles ItemVehicle AVehicle BVehicle CVehicle D WMTC category Overall lengthmm Overall widthmm Vehicle weightkg Equivalent inertia mass (ISO)kg Max. speedkm/h Engine type Water-cooled, 4- stroke, single- cylinder Water-cooled, 4- stroke, 2-cylinder Water-cooled, 4- stroke, 4-cylinder Emission control devices * FI, TWC, O 2 SFI, TWC, O 2 S, AIFI, TWC, O 2 SFI, TWC, O 2 S, AI Displacementcc Bore × Strokemm 52.4 × × × × 50.9 Compression ratio ± Max. power kW/rp m 8.36/850018/ / /10200 Max. torque Nm/rp m 11.7/500022/ / /8000 Idling speedrpm Fuel tank capacityL Carbon canister sizecc Fuel supply system FI Transmission type CVT6-speed * FI : Fuel Injection, TWC : Three Way Catalyst, O 2 S : O 2 sensor, AI : Air Induction 4 vehicles with different engine displacements were selected. All vehicles have carbon canisters and equivalent emission control devices.

5 Test Results of Evaporative Emissions - Effect of fuel type on evaporative emission of each vehicles - Vehicle A Vehicle B Vehicle C Vehicle D Test limit Evaporative emissions of all vehicles are quite lower than test limit (2,000 mg/test), because all vehicle are equipped with carbon canister. Fuel types do not affect evaporative emissions. Correlation with vehicle types (displacement, fuel tank capacity and carbon canister size, etc.) are not clearly observed.

6 Test Results of Evaporative Emissions - Correlations between RVP and evaporative emissions - Correlations between RVP and evaporative emissions are not shown for all vehicles. This means that differences of RVP between Euro E5, Japan E0, Japan E10 fuels do not affect the evaporative emissions. Vehicle A Vehicle B Vehicle C Vehicle D Euro E5 Japan E0 Japan E10

7 Test Results of Evaporative Emissions - Correlations between fuel types - These results indicate that, even if the different types of fuel are used, similar evaporative emission results are obtained. Relationship between Japan E0 and Euro E5 Relationship between Japan E10 and Euro E5

8 Summary of the Japanese Evaporative Emission Test In order to check the correlation between evaporative limit values and test fuels, evaporative emission tests were conducted in Japan. 3 fuels with different properties (Japan E0, Euro E5, Japan E10 fuels) were used as test fuels. 4 vehicles with different engine displacement were used as test vehicles. Carbon canister drastically reduces evaporative emissions, and effect of fuel type on evaporative emission does not observed. Each evaporative emission (DBL, HSL and total emission) were not almost varied with fuel types. Japan proposes to allow the use of Euro E5, Japan E0 and Japan E10 fuels as test fuels for evaporative emission test.