Is the federal bureaucracy essential to good government? G&P -- Stuckart Is the federal bureaucracy essential to good government? 4/25/2017

Democratic Consolidation G&P -- Stuckart Democratic Consolidation 4/25/2017 What makes DEMOCRACY succeed? Factors Why they matter Professional Civil Service Bureaucrats are less likely to be corrupt; will keep government functioning when changes in leadership occur. Next semester, when we look at other countries’ governments, we will discuss what makes democracy succeed in some places and not in others. One factor we will discuss is the presence or absence of a professional Civil Service Civil Service How were federal workers selected during the early years of our nation’s history? [patronage / spoils system] What system is used to hire federal workers today? [civil service] Does the Civil Service contribute to good government? Why/why not? How is the Civil Service system a limit on the president? [can’t fire career personnel] Is this a Constitutional, statutory or political limit? [statutory] How might it be a power? [“burrowing” allows a president to leave his people in an agency after he leaves office]

AGENDA December 19/20, 2013 Today’s topics The Federal Bureaucracy II G&P -- Stuckart 4/25/2017 Today’s topics The Federal Bureaucracy II Executive Branch Research Administrative Unit 2+3 Test corrections end Thurs., Dec. 19 Homework Due Jan. 6 - Chapter 16: Read + Glossary terms 16A+16B Any questions about our agenda today?

Learning Goals Unit 4 Guide G&P -- Stuckart 4/25/2017 Unit 4 Guide Is the federal bureaucracy essential to good government? How does the federal bureaucracy affect people in Oregon? Provide at least three examples. Why are some executive branch agencies set up as Independent Agencies? Is this a good idea? Why/why not? How do these types of independent agencies compare? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each? Independent Executive Agencies Independent Regulatory Commissions Government Corporations Teacher goes through goals and relates them to the days’ activities.

Executive Office of the President Executive Departments G&P -- Stuckart 4/25/2017 The Executive Branch Executive Office of the President Executive Departments Independent Agencies Last class we spoke about the EOP and Cabinet Departments…today we will focus on the Independent Agencies

Executive Office of the President G&P -- Stuckart 4/25/2017 White House Office Nerve center of Executive Branch Staff not subject to Senate confirmation National Security Council (NSC) Situation Room (link) National Security Advisor not confirmed by Senate but other members of NSC are (Secretary of Defense, Director of National Intelligence, etc.) Office of Management & Budget (OMB) Prepares federal budget Budget = Major policy statement for the Administration Head of OMB is confirmed by the Senate First, the Executive Office of the President, which is composed of [click through] White House Office President’s closest staff and advisors NSC Video of situation room [West Wing, Ground Floor – Situation Room] Why is it important for a president to have a secure communications facility in the White House? Why not have it at the Pentagon, or CIA headquarters? OMB Policy & budget experts Why have these located in the White House (as opposed to having budget/policy experts located in the Cabinet agencies)? What are the limits on the President’s power through the Executive Office of the President? Senate confirmation (some) Power of the purse (Congress controls the budget, can cut staff) Why is it important for a president to have some advisors who are confirmed by the Senate and some who are not confirmed by the Senate?

Cabinet Departments Executive Departments The Cabinet G&P -- Stuckart Cabinet Departments 4/25/2017 Executive Departments Oldest (created in 1789): Department of State Department of the Treasury Department of War (now Dept. of Defense) Office of the Attorney General (now Dept. of Justice) Which is the largest (budget)? largest (# of employees)? newest? The Cabinet Currently 15 executive departments + VP + 6 others What is it? (link) OLDEST: Why do you think those 4 departments were set up before all others? [reflect the basic needs of a new nation] Which is the: largest (budget)? [Health & Human Services; almost ¼ of all federal spending] WHY? [mostly due to spending on health care – pre-Obamacare] largest (# of employees)? [Defense; 700k civilian + 1.4 mill military] newest? [Homeland Security; represents new priorities after September 11, 2001 attacks] What is the Cabinet? Video of Cabinet Room [West Wing, 1st Floor – Cabinet Room] How often does Pres. Obama’s Cabinet meet? [about every 2 months] What does that say about the Cabinet’s role in running the federal government? How are a president’s priorities reflected in the cabinet? by the Secretaries appointed by the other agencies included in the Cabinet How does the appointment of Cabinet secretaries reflect checks and balances in the government? [the President appoints Cabinet secretaries, but Senate must confirm] The following positions have the status of Cabinet-rank: White House Chief of Staff Environmental Protection Agency Office of Management & Budget United States Trade Representative United States Ambassador to the United Nations Council of Economic Advisers

Independent Agencies Independent Executive Agencies G&P -- Stuckart 4/25/2017 Independent Agencies Independent Executive Agencies Subject to presidential control Similar to Cabinet departments Independent Regulatory Commissions Independent of the president Often exercise quasi-judicial & quasi-legislative powers Government Corporations Set up to carry out business functions Why has Congress located the independent agencies outside Cabinet departments? Don’t fit in any other departments [NASA, GSA] Independence from partisan/political pressure [FEC] Gov’t Corporations Set up to carry out business functions [Amtrak, US Postal Service, FDIC, TVA]

Skip if running short on time G&P -- Stuckart 4/25/2017 Skip if running short on time Teacher directs students to create a Venn Diagram chart in their notes

G&P -- Stuckart 4/25/2017 Independent Agencies Place these items in the appropriate place on your Venn diagram: Most similar to Cabinet departments Under president’s control Structured like a business Located outside Cabinet departments Exercises executive, legislative & judicial powers Headed by board of directors and general manager Have staggered terms to ensure independence Teacher directs students to work with a partner and use textbook & notes to complete Venn diagrams Most similar to Cabinet departments [executive] Under president’s control [executive & government corporation] Structured like a business [government corporation] Located outside Cabinet departments [all] Exercises executive, legislative & judicial powers [regulatory] Headed by board of directors and general manager [government corporation] Have staggered terms to ensure independence [regulatory]

Executive Branch Research G&P -- Stuckart 4/25/2017 Executive Branch Research The Executive Branch Executive Office of the President Executive Departments Independent Agencies Go over students’ answers from Executive Branch Research assignment Which Cabinet Department would… [see Section 1 Core Worksheet for examples] Which Cabinet Department would… (use text pg 436)

MERRY CHRISTMAS! HAPPY NEW YEAR! G&P -- Stuckart Homework 4/25/2017 Before you leave Pick up your belongings Straighten up your area Homework Due Jan. 6 - Chapter 16: Read + Glossary terms 16A+16B MERRY CHRISTMAS! HAPPY NEW YEAR! Stay safe for the holidays