The Birth of Islam Unit 3 PP 3 Chapter 10 sections 1 & 2

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Presentation transcript:

The Birth of Islam Unit 3 PP 3 Chapter 10 sections 1 & 2

Arabian Peninsula Before Islam Cross roads of 3 continents Africa, Europe and Asia Trade (Cultural Diffusion) Religion? The Ka’aba Jews and Christians Nomadic Bedouins Water and food conflict

The Prophet Muhammad Born in Mecca (570-632) Orphan at 6, married at 25 to Khadijha (6 kids) 610 vision of the Angel Gabriel Receives the new religion of Islam from Gabriel Koran revealed over a period of 23 years

A Muslim Community 622 Muhammad forced out of Mecca The Hijra (Hegira) Why? From Mecca to Medina While in Medina he gains followers and wins many battles 630 he returns to Mecca and casts the idols out of the Kaaba 632 Mohammed dies Sharia Law Regulates moral conduct (common legal framework

Islamic Law No changes or translations to Koran No priests (equality) Imams Mohammed is the last and greatest prophet “People of the book” Moral code Gambling, drinking Rights of women

Important Islamic Terminology Islam v. Muslim Mosque Imam Minaret Caliph Jihad Koran Ka’aba

The Five Pillars of Islam No god but Allah and Mohammed is his prophet Charity Pray 5x a day Ramadan The Hajj

Chapter 10 section 2 Building a Muslim Empire Unit 3 PP 4 Chapter 10 section 2 Building a Muslim Empire

The Rise of the Caliphate Caliphs: Abu-Bakr the first Caliph (Father in Law) Spread the faith by uniting the tribes of the Arabian peninsula Defeated the Byzantines and the Persians After the first 4 Caliphs there is a problem!

Split in Islam Disagreements continued over the successor to Muhammad The 4th Caliph Ali assassinated in 661 by the Ummayyads Division: Shiite (minority: more radical) leader should be related to Muhammad Sunni (majority: more moderate) Successor should be the most qualified

Early success of Islam Conquered Byzantines, Palastine, Syria, Egypt and Persia Jihad (Holy War) The Umayyad Dynasty in control from Damascus Favored Arabs and military leaders In 750 The Abbasid Dynasty comes to power (Baghdad)

Middle east and North Africa