Cell Test Review Worksheet Grading Rubric Directions: Answer the following questions using your notes and chapters 3-5 in your textbook. The test will be 40 multiple choice questions covering this material. This test will be the first of four Benchmark tests that will be given to all biology students throughout the district. The table below shows the standards covered on the test and the number of questions on each standard.

StandardDescription # of Questio ns Percentage of Test SCI.BI.1.a Students know cells are enclosed within semipermeable membranes that regulate their interaction with their surroundings % SCI.BI.1.j Students know how eukaryotic cells are given shape and internal organization by a cytoskeleton or cell wall or both. 12.5% SCI.BI.1.b Students know enzymes are proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions without altering the reaction equilibrium and the activities of enzymes depend on the temperature, ionic conditions, and the pH of the surroundings % SCI.BI.1.c Students know how prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells (including those from plants and animals), and viruses differ in complexity and general structure % SCI.BI.1.e Students know the role of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus in the secretion of proteins. 37.5% SCI.BI.1.f Students know usable energy is captured from sunlight by chloroplasts and is stored through the synthesis of sugar from carbon dioxide % SCI.BI.1.g Students know the role of the mitochondria in making stored chemical-bond energy available to cells by completing the breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide % SCI.BI.1.h Students know most macromolecules (polysaccharides, nucleic acids, proteins, lipids) in cells and organisms are synthesized from a small collection of simple precursors % SCI.BI.1.i Students know how chemiosmotic gradients in the mitochondria and chloroplast store energy for ATP production. 12.5% Total # of Questions40

b. What type of organic compound makes up the channels in the cell membrane (Part B)? c. What type of cell transport is demonstrated in the diagram and why? 1. The diagram to the right shows a typical cell membrane. a. What type of molecules make up the cell membrane (part A)?

b. What type of organic compound makes up the channels in the cell membrane (Part B)? proteins c. What type of cell transport is demonstrated in the diagram and why? Active transport-requires energy (see diagram) 1. The diagram to the right shows a typical cell membrane a. What type of molecules make up the cell membrane (part A)? lipids 3 points

2. What is meant by semi-permeable (also called selectively permeable)?

Some things can move through the membrane but some cannot. 1 point

3. What factors determine which molecules can pass through the cell membrane?

Size of molecules, concentration gradient (difference in concentration on each side of membrane), whether molecules are polar or non-polar. 1 point

4. Label the diagram below showing the three different forms of cell transport: facilitated diffusion, active transport, and diffusion. a. b. c.

4. Label the diagram below showing the three different forms of cell transport: facilitated diffusion, active transport, and diffusion. a. Diffusion b. Facilitated diffusion c. Active transport 3 points

5. Complete the drawing on the right showing the movement of molecules through the semipermeable membrane. (Small circles represent water molecules and larger black circles represent sugar molecules)

1 point

6. Describe the structures and function of a cell’s cytoskeleton.

The cytoskeleton is a cellular "scaffolding" or "skeleton" contained within a cell's cytoplasm and is made out of protein. The cytoskeleton provides the cell with structure and shape 1 point

7. What is a catalyst?

a substance that causes or accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being affected. 1 point

8. What type of organic compound is an enzyme?

A protein 1 point

9. What 3 factors affect the reaction rate of an enzyme?

Temperature pH Ionic conditions 1 point

10. Which enzyme to the right would you probably find in: a. Stomach- b. Salivary amylase-

10. Which enzyme to the right would you probably find in: a. Stomach- Enzyme 1 b. Salivary amylase-Enzyme 2 2 points

11. What would be the optimum pH for: a. Enzyme #1- b. Enzyme #3

11. What would be the optimum pH for: a. Enzyme #1- about 4 b. Enzyme #3- about 9 3 points

12. Complete the graph below show what would happen to the activation energy if a catalyst were introduced to the chemical reaction. (see figure 2.22, page 54) Include and label: activation energy (uncatalyzed), activation energy (catalyzed), reactants, and products

4 points

13. Complete the chart below by answering either yes or no. StructureVirus Prokaryotic cells Eukaryotic cells Nucleus Membrane bound organelles Genetic material Considered living thing Has cell membrane

13. Complete the chart below by answering either yes or no. StructureVirus Prokaryotic cells Eukaryotic cells Nucleus No Yes Membrane bound organelles No Yes Genetic material Yes Considered living thing NoYes Has cell membrane NoYes 3 points

14. Why are viruses not considered living things?

They cannot reproduce on their own. They need a host cell to reproduce 1 point

15. Describe the functions of the following cell organelles: a. Rough Endoplasmic reticulum- b. Golgi apparatus- c. Ribosomes- d. Mitochondria- e. Chloroplasts-

15. Describe the functions of the following cell organelles: a. Rough Endoplasmic reticulum-makes proteins and lipids b. Golgi apparatus- Cells Post Office (packages and sends material in membrane bound vessicles to other parts of the cell c. Ribosomes- makes proteins d. Mitochondria- Powerhouse of the cell (releases energy from glucose forming ATP) e. Chloroplasts- Captures energy from sunlight and converts it to glucose (energy storing molecule) 5 points

16. Answer the following questions using the diagram to the right a. What is the name of structure G and what process takes place there? b. What is the name of structure B and what process takes place there

16. Answer the following questions using the diagram to the right a. What is the name of structure G and what process takes place there? Mitochondria Cellular respiration b. What is the name of structure B and what process takes place there Chloroplast Photosynthesis 4 points

c. What is the name of structure F and what is the function of this structure?

c. What is the name of structure F and what is the function of this structure? Large central vacuole (stores (Stores water, salts, etc., in plant cells) 2 points

17. Complete the chart: Cell structureProcessFunctionEquation Cellular respiration chloroplast

17. Complete the chart: Cell structureProcessFunctionEquation mitochondria Cellular respiration Release energy from glucose producing ATP CO 2 +H 2 O → C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 chloroplastphotosynthesis Capture energy From sunlight and convert into sugar C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 → CO 2 +H 2 O. 6 points

18. Label the diagram to the right showing molecules that enter each stage of photosynthesis and what molecules are produced

H2OH2O CO 2 O2O2 C 6 H 12 O 6 4 points

19. What is another name for the Calvin Cycle?

Light Independent Reaction 1 point

20. Where does the light dependent reaction take place?

Thylakoids 1 point

21. Where does the light independent reaction (Calvin Cycle) take place?

Stroma 1 point

22. What energy molecule enters into the process of cellular respiration?

Glucose into Glycolysis (anaerobic) Pyruvic acid into mitochondria for cellular respiration (aerobic) 1 point

23. Where is the energy stored in molecules such as glucose or ATP?

In the chemical bonds (Glucose – bonds between carbon atoms) (ATP – bonds between phosphate groups) 1 point

24. What molecule enters glycolysis?

Glucose 1 point

25. What molecules enter the Krebs cycle and what molecules are produced?

25. What molecules enter the Krebs cycle and what molecules are produced? Enters- pyruvate (pyruvic acid) Produced- carbon dioxide CO 2 2 points

26. What molecules enter the Electron Transport Chain and which molecules are produced? Enters- Produced-

26. What molecules enter the Electron Transport Chain and which molecules are produced? Enters- oxygen O 2 Produced- water H 2 O 2 points

27. How many molecules of ATP are produced overall in Cellular Respiration?

27. How many molecules of ATP are produced overall in Cellular Respiration? 2 in glycolysis 34in cellular respiration 36 TOTAL 1 point

28. What are the four main types of organic compounds found in living things? a. b. c. d.

28. What are the four main types of organic compounds found in living things? a. carbohydrates b. lipids c. proteins d. Nucleic acid 4 points

29. What is special about carbon atoms that allow them to form so many different types of compounds?

They can bond with up to 4 other atoms and can form a variety of molecules (chains, branched, rings) in a variety of sizes 1 point

30. Complete the table below: Organic CompoundMonomerPolymer Carbohydrate Lipid Protein Nucleic Acid

30. Complete the table below: Organic CompoundMonomerPolymer Carbohydrate glucose monosaccharide Polysaccharide Starch, cellulose, glycogen Lipid fatty acid + glycerol Lipids Fats, oils, waxes Protein amino acidsProtein Nucleic Acidnucleotide Nucleic acid DNA, RNA 8 points

31. How can only 20 different amino acids be put together to produce thousands of different proteins.

Like letters in the alphabet, the order in which they are linked together and the number of amino acids 1 point

32. Label the diagram below showing whether the solutions are isotonic, hypertonic or hypotonic A- B- C- D-

32. Label the diagram below showing whether the solutions are isotonic, hypertonic or hypotonic A- Isotonic B- hypotonic C- hypertonic D- Isotonic 4 points

Total Points = 76 Put total out of 76 on first page of Review Worksheet