Two Nations Live on the Edge Chapter 18, Section 4 Notes

Objectives Explain the policy of brinkmanship Explain the policy of brinkmanship Describe the American and Soviet actions that caused the Cold War to spread around the world Describe the American and Soviet actions that caused the Cold War to spread around the world Summarize the impact of Sputnik and the U-2 incident on the US Summarize the impact of Sputnik and the U-2 incident on the US

Nuclear Arms Race Began during Truman’s Presidency Began during Truman’s Presidency Soviets exploded atomic bomb in 1949 Soviets exploded atomic bomb in 1949 US entered into race for Hydrogen Bomb US entered into race for Hydrogen Bomb Even more destructive – immoral? Even more destructive – immoral? US explodes H-Bomb in 1952 US explodes H-Bomb in 1952 Soviets exploded H-Bomb 1953 Soviets exploded H-Bomb 1953

Brinkmanship Dwight D. Eisenhower – President Dwight D. Eisenhower – President John Foster Dulles – Secretary of State John Foster Dulles – Secretary of State ANTI-COMMUNIST ANTI-COMMUNIST A moral crusade against communism A moral crusade against communism Brinkmanship – willingness to go to the edge of all-out war Brinkmanship – willingness to go to the edge of all-out war US trimmed army and navy to focus on its air force US trimmed army and navy to focus on its air force Built up nuclear weapons Built up nuclear weapons

Cold War Spreads CIA (Central Intelligence Agency) CIA (Central Intelligence Agency) Collected information – spies Collected information – spies Covert operations Covert operations Iran Iran Prime Minister Mossadegh nationalized oil fields Prime Minister Mossadegh nationalized oil fields CIA helped the Shah of Iran return to power CIA helped the Shah of Iran return to power Turned oil fields back over to Western companies Turned oil fields back over to Western companies Guatemala Guatemala CIA took covert action to change the govt. CIA took covert action to change the govt.

Cold War Spreads Warsaw Pact Warsaw Pact Soviets form military alliance with E. Europe Soviets form military alliance with E. Europe Geneva Summit Geneva Summit “open skies proposal” – allow flights “open skies proposal” – allow flights Soviets reject it, but it’s a step towards peace Soviets reject it, but it’s a step towards peace Suez War Suez War Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal Israel, Britain, and France sent troops Israel, Britain, and France sent troops UN defused situation UN defused situation

Eisenhower Doctrine Eisenhower’s Warning Eisenhower’s Warning US would defend the Middle East against communist attack US would defend the Middle East against communist attack

Hungarian Uprising Soviets had dominated Hungary Soviets had dominated Hungary Hungarians revolted in 1956 – Democracy! Hungarians revolted in 1956 – Democracy! Soviets brutally responded and put down rebellion Soviets brutally responded and put down rebellion US did nothing – Hungary was a satellite US did nothing – Hungary was a satellite

Space Race Khruschev took power after Stalin Khruschev took power after Stalin Peaceful coexistence Peaceful coexistence Competition! Competition! Soviets launched Sputnik in 1957 Soviets launched Sputnik in 1957 World’s first artificial satellite World’s first artificial satellite US frantically tries to catch up US frantically tries to catch up Poors in money Poors in money

U-2 Incident CIA made secret flights over USSR (U-2) CIA made secret flights over USSR (U-2) Eisenhower and Krushchev holding another summit Eisenhower and Krushchev holding another summit Dulles – make one last flight! Dulles – make one last flight! Soviets shoot down the plane Soviets shoot down the plane Flown by Francis Gary Powers Flown by Francis Gary Powers Renewed Confrontation Renewed Confrontation Eisenhower at first denies then admits incident Eisenhower at first denies then admits incident Krushchev demands apology Krushchev demands apology Eisenhower says NO! -- TENSION Eisenhower says NO! -- TENSION