First Aid for Accidents and Injuries Chapter 56 First Aid for Accidents and Injuries Copyright  ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Accidents and Injuries Knowing basic first aid is critical Seek medical assistance if unsure or untrained to render aid Copyright  ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Copyright ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. Foreign Bodies In the eye Remove with fold of tissue or moistened cotton Turn upper lid over swab and remove >> Flush with water Embedded material requires medical intervention Cover both eyes with compress Advise not to rub Copyright  ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Copyright ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. Foreign Bodies In the ear Instill warm water; then drain Avoid oil with smooth objects Irrigate out objects that will not swell with water In the nose Irrigate or reach with forceps Copyright  ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Copyright ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. Foreign Bodies Swallowed items Will move through the body and be eliminated Splinters Use needle or thumb forceps Area washed and covered with adhesive bandage Copyright  ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Copyright ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. Foreign Bodies Fish hook Removal techniques Clean and dress wounds Tetanus and antibiotic Copyright  ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Copyright ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. Strains and Sprains Strains Rest in comfortable position Ice then heat Analgesic or muscle relaxers Sprains Elevate Apply ice first 48-72 hours Elastic bandage for support Copyright  ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Copyright ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. Dislocations Usually severe pain and deformity at joint Immobilize and get medical attention Copyright  ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Copyright ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. Fractures Closed or simple Open or compound Control bleeding Splint as is Copyright  ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Copyright ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. Fractures Treat for shock Check pulse, motor and sensory reflexes Medical attention as soon as possible Copyright  ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Copyright ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. Bites and Stings Can come from humans, animals, or insects Can be superficial or break the skin Copyright  ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Copyright ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. Bites Animal bites Cleanse thoroughly Provider examination Report bite to authorities Observe animal Anti-rabies serum if rabid or animal status not available Snake bites Copyright  ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Copyright ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. Bites Human bites Skin surface breaks and biter has bleeding gums Give hepatitis B immunization Tetanus injection Copyright  ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Copyright ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. Stings Number of stings is a factor Allergic response Restlessness Shortness of breath with cyanotic skin Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea Need for emergency kit Remove stinger by scraping Copyright  ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Copyright ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. Burns Types Thermal Chemical Electrical Degree of skin involvement First-degree Second-degree Third- and fourth-degree Copyright  ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Classification of Burns Based on percentage of body surface area and degree of skin involvement Copyright  ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Copyright ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. Treatment of Burns Minor burn Treat with cold water No butter or ointment No ice (due to frostbite possibility) Photosensitive drugs increase sunburn risk Copyright  ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Copyright ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. Treatment of Burns Second-degree Can involve prevention of shock Remove jewelry, due to edema Force fluids Cover area with sterile dressing Provider breaks blisters Copyright  ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Copyright ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. Treatment of Burns Third- and fourth-degree Immediate medical treatment Surgical intervention possible Replacement fluids by IV Pain medication and tetanus No cleaning, cover with sterile dressing Treatment for shock Copyright  ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Copyright ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. Treatment of Burns Electrical Remove victim from electrical source Electrical shut-off Water conduction danger Administer CPR if in arrest Treat burn as non-electrical Damage along conduction path Copyright  ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Copyright ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. Treatment of Burns Chemical Remove clothing from area Brush off dry chemical first Flood with water Cover with sterile dressing If in eye, flush for 20 minutes and have provider examine Copyright  ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Copyright ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. Use of Heat and Cold Disposable packs, activate and reuse May place in covering or towel Use on 20 minutes, off 10 Copyright  ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Copyright ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. Cold Applications Decreases local circulation Provides local anesthetic Relieves inflammation Controls bleeding and swelling Copyright  ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Copyright ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. Heat Applications Increases tissue temperature Increases circulation Increases healing Decreases pain Relieves congestion in deep tissues Copyright  ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Copyright ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. Wounds Abrasions, scrapes of epidermis Treat by cleaning and applying dressing Avulsion Clean and replace flap of torn skin Incision, clean cut by sharp object May require Steri-strips or sutures to close Copyright  ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Copyright ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. Wounds Laceration, tearing of the tissue Hard to clean and close Puncture From pointed object or bite Clean thoroughly Copyright  ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Copyright ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. Cleaning Wounds Clean and assess Wash (Betadine) or other antibacterial agent Apply disinfectant Pressure bandage is applied Prepare suture setup With severe bleeding, initial cleaning is delayed until medical care is received Copyright  ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Dressing and Bandaging Wounds Apply nonstick dressing Bandage with appropriate material Tubular gauze and cylinder Open or closed spiral Figure-eight Cravat from triangular bandage Copyright  ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.

Copyright ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. Bandaging Figure Eight Cravat Copyright  ©2012 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.