Nutrition & Excretion

Nutrition Plants make their own food Animals eat plants or catch other animals -

Nutrients What are nutrients? Essential substances that your body needs in order to grow and stay healthy -

Nutrients Seven categories of nutrients: Carbohydrates Proteins Fats Vitamins Minerals Fibres (Roughage) Water -

Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are sugars and starches that the body uses for ENERGY! They come from PLANTS -Made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen -2 different types we are going to talk about -simple -complex -45-65% of a persons daily caloric intake should be from carbohydrates -foods rich in complex carbs are better than simple carbs. © 2005 JupiterImages Corporation

Simple Carbohydrates Sugars give you a quick but short BOOST of energy Found in oranges, milk, cookies, candy -Added to manufactured foods like cookies, candies, and soft drinks -occurs naturally in fruits, vegetables, and milk -all sugars are converted to glucose for the body to use.

Complex Carbohydrates Starches are many sugars linked together They give long-term energy. Found in Rice, Bread, Pasta, Potato Foods with LOTS of starch: rice, potatoes, bread, pasta, beans -Found in many plant foods such as potatoes -grains-rice, cereals, and wheat -when you eat complex carbohydrates your body (digests) breaks the starch into simple sugars that can be absorbed into your bloodstream. That’s why its slower to digest. -FIBER -is a complex carbohydrate but is not considered a nutrient because its not broken down and absorbed into your bloodstream. -still necessary for the proper functioning of your digestive system. -helps prevent constipation -may reduce risk of colon cancer -may help prevent heart disease

Protein Proteins are long chains of amino acids They are needed for Growth and Repair Found in meat, eggs, fish -High protein foods -meats, eggs, poultry, milk and milk products -Nuts, dried beans, dried peas, and lentils contain a lot of protein also. -10-35% of diet needs to be protein

Fat Functions: It is a source of ENERGY Insulate the body Found in Cheese, butter and oil -Helps maintain body temperature, protect your nerves, and form your cells. -20-35% of daily intake -primarily unsaturated fat

Vitamins Vitamins are important to keep your body healthy You need only a little bit of them Found in Fruit -required in small amounts -assists in many chemical reactions in the body -Vitamins do not directly provide the body with energy -Instead vitamins help with various processes in the body including the use of other nutrients.

Minerals Minerals are very small molecules needed for many processes in your body Some Important Minerals Calcium Iron Iodine -Minerals occur naturally in rocks and soil. Plants absorb these minerals through the soil and animals obtain these nutrients by eating these plants or eating an animal that has eaten these plants, then we eat these plants and animals. -24 different minerals have been shown to be essential for good health. There are 7 you need in significant amounts- Ca, Na, K, Mg, P, Cl, S. The others are only needed in trace amounts.

Fibres (Roughage) Important for easy defecation Shortage causes Constipation Found in fruits and vegetables, grains Potassium and Sodium work together to maintain water balance in the body People who consume enough potassium each day generally have lower blood pressure than people who do not Foods rich in potassium: baked potatoes, spinach, bananas, dried fruits, oranges, soybeans, tomato products, milk, and carrots.

Water You are made of 70-80% Water Without it you will dehydrate Found in almost anything

Healthy diet

Healthy diet

Digestion Digestion is the breakdown of large molecules (starch, protein, fat) into smaller molecules so they can be absorbed into your blood It takes place in your digestive system

Digestion Name the parts

Nutrition Important follow up Ingestion -> Digestion -> Absorption -> Egestion After Absorption your nutrition is used in Respiration to produce ENERGY

Excretion Getting rid of Waste Urine contains protein-waste, salt and water Sweat contains salt and water Breath contains carbondioxide Poo-ing is not Excretion but Egestion

Thank you