PREVENTIVE, CURATIVE & REHABILITATION SERVICES FOR MENTALLY RETARDED PERSONS IN PAKISTAN By NAEEMA BUSHRA MALIK DIRECTOR NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SPECIAL EDUCATION 28 th November, 2012

MENTAL RETARDATION Definition Mental Retardation refers to substantial limitation in present functioning. It is characterized by significantly sub average intellectual function (IQ of 70-75) or below existing currently with related limitation in two or more of the following applicable adaptive skill areas communication, self care, home living, social skills community use, self direction, health and safety, functional academics, leisure and work. Mental Retardation manifest before age 18 (AAMR, 1992).

CLASSIFICATIONS OF MENTAL RETARDATION Professionals classify the children with mental retardation into three groups: -Mild -Moderate -Severe/Profound Educators have assigned prognostic meaning to these labels by referring to persons with mild mental retardation as “educable” and persons with moderate mental retardation as trainable,. Individual with severe/profound mental retardation will require care and supervision all of their lives. Their major problems concerned the maintenance of critical life functions and the development of self care kills whenever possible

CAUSES OF MENTAL RETARDATION Causes for mental retardation can be categorized into three stages. They are: 1.Prenatal Causes 2.Perinatal Causes 3.Postnatal Causes

No. of Mentally Retarded Centres in Pakistan No. of Centres under F.G./Provincial Govt.& NGOs SERVICES PROVIDED BY THE ORGANIZATIONS 330 Assessment/diagnosis services Individual educational planning Behaviour modification Development of pre- academics/academics/skills Speech therapy/development of communication skills Physiotherapy Occupational therapy Music therapy Daily living skills Pre-vocational training Vocational training Computer training Medical rehabilitation Agro therapy Sports/physical training Social rehabilitation Sheltered workshops

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