Sensation and Perception Biological Component

The Five Sense

Five Senses Touch = Skin; Sensory Neurons; Parietal Lobe Smell = Olfactory Bulb; Olfactory Cortex; Amygdala; Hypothalamus; Frontal Lobe Taste = Taste Buds; Five taste: sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami (savory); Smell; Sight Hearing = Sound Waves; Outer-Middle-Inner-Ear; Auditory Cortex; Corpus Callosum; Temporal Lobe Sight = Retina; Visual Cortex; Corpus Callosum; Occipital Lobe

I. Touch – Skin A.) Skin Layers 1. Epidermis ;Dermis ;Subcutaneous Tissue B.) Somatosensory System 1. Nerve endings and receptors C.) Brain Parts (body) 1. Thalamus = sends message to PL 2. Parietal Lobe (PL) = process sensory info. to make awareness of function

I. Touch – Skin

II. Smell – Nose A.) Nose - Nasal Cavity 1. Smell receptor in lining B.) Olfactory Nerve 1. send odor to bulb C.) Olfactory Bulb (translator) D.) Hippocampus & Amygdala 1. help form memory of smell

II. Smell – Nose

III. Mouth & other parts A.) Taste Buds = organs of taste B.) Papillae = elevated taste receptors C.) Location of taste sense debatably D.) Taste senses 1. Salty 2. Sour 3. Sweet 4. Bitter 5. Umami (Japanese – Hearty) E.) Varying Facial nerves carry taste signals to your Thalamus then your Parietal Lobe F.) Elements of Sight and Smell play a factor into taste – what you see and smell influence your perception of taste

III. Mouth & other parts

IV. Sound – Ear A.) Outer Ear (pinna – cartilage) 1. brings in sound waves / vibration {W/V} B.) Auditory Canal 1. amplifies W/V & provides protection C.) Eardrum (Tympanic Membrane) 1. external W/V are transferred into internal W/V D.) Inner Ear 1. funnels W/V through E.) Cochlea 1. converts W/V into neural impulses F.) Auditory Nerve (AN) 1. carries signal to the brain

IV. Sound – Ear

V. Sight - Eye A. ) The Cornea (clear lens). 1 V. Sight - Eye A.) The Cornea (clear lens) 1. Clear bulging - front of the eye 2. Primary refractive surface (starts focus process) B.) Pupil (black sphere) 1. Regulates amount of light (dilates) C.) Lens (clear lens) 1. Focus light rays into Retina D.) Retina (thin tissue – back of eye) 1. Receives images 2. Converts images into electrical impulses E.) Optic Nerve 1. carry visual information to brain

V. Sight - Eye

PERCEPTION Main Concepts

Top-Down = perceptual processes in which information from an individual's past experience, knowledge, expectations, motivations, and background influence the way a perceived object is interpreted and classified Bottom-Up = perceptual process based on the sensory data available in the environment; results of process are passed upward toward more abstract representations Accommodation = involves altering one's existing ideas, as a result of new information or new experiences