1. Senses II

2. Science of Taste

3. Article Read the article “A Natural History of the Senses” and complete questions: Responses and Analysis #1 and #2 Personal Experience Application #1 only

4. VISION

5. Vision Rods- photoreceptors in the retina that help to see in the dark Cones- photoreceptors in the retina responsible for seeing color Lens- structure that focuses light in the eye Iris- colored part of the eye

6. Vision Optic Nerve- part of the eye that carries information from the eye towards the brain Retina- Layer at the back of the eye that contains rods and cones; converts light energy to neural responses Brightness- how intense a color is

7. Vision Dark Adaptation- gradual improvement of the eyes’ sensitivity to the dark Complementary Colors- colors opposite each other on the color wheel Trichromatic Theory- there are 3 types of color receptors that produce the primary color sensations of red, green and blue

8. Color Blindness Color Blindness- the inability to see certain wavelengths of colors Most common form is when you cannot distinguish reds and greens Most frequent in males

9. HEARING

10. Hearing Auditory Nerve- nerve that carries impulses from cochlea to the brain Cochlea- primary organ of hearing; fluid filled coiled tube located in the inner ear Basilar Membrane- stimulates hair cells that produce the neural effects of auditory stimulation

11. Hearing Eardrum- thin membrane that takes sound wave’s vibrations from outer ear to middle ear Middle Ear Bones- hammer, anvil, stirrup Pitch- sound quality of high and low tones Loudness- physical intensity of a sound; determined by amplitude

12. Deafness Conduction Deafness- problem in conduction of air vibrations to the cochlea Nerve Deafness- a defect in nerve impulses or in the auditory nerve

13. Place Theory Theory that different frequency tones produce maximum activation at different locations along the basilar membrane, with the result that pitch can be coded by the place at which activation occurs

14. SMELL & TASTE

15. Smell & Taste Smell consists of 75% of taste  they conspire and work together Olfactory Bulb- center where odor sensory receptors send their signals; located below the frontal lobe

16. Smell & Taste Pheromones- chemical released by an organism to communicate to other member species; often sexual signals

17. Smell & Taste 5 Tastes: Sweet, Sour, Bitter, Saline (Salt), Umami Papillae- located on the tongue; contains clusters of taste buds

18. PAIN & TOUCH

19. Pain & Touch Functions of skin: 1.Protect against surface injury 2.Hold in body fluids 3.Help regulate body temp 4.Sense pressure, warmth, cold

20. Pain & Touch Cutaneous Senses- skin senses that register sensations of pain Vestibular Sense- sense that tells how one’s own body is oriented in the world with respect to gravity

21. Pain & Touch Kinesthetic Sense -provides constant sensory feedback about what the body is doing during motor activities -concerned with bodily position and movements of the body parts in relation to one another

22. Pain & Touch Nociceptive Pain- pain induced by something in the environment Neuropathic Pain- caused by abnormal functioning or over activity of nerves

23. Pain & Touch Phantom Limb Phenomenon- approx. 10% of those who have limbs amputated report feeling pain in the limb that no longer exists Gate Control Theory- proposes that certain cells in the spinal cord act as gates to interrupt and block some pain signals while sending others on to the brain