Agriculture in India & China by Aditi Kochar Class IV

Farming

India is an agricultural country. India is ranked 2 nd worldwide in farm output. Largest producer of milk, cashew nuts, coconut, tea, ginger. 2 nd largest producer of wheat, rice, sugar, groundnut. Provides employment to two- thirds of the total population. Contributes to export earnings China is an agricultural and manufacturer country and is highly labor intensive country. Farming methods have been improved in China. China produces wheat, rice, potatoes, peanuts, millet, cotton. More than 75 percent of the total cultivated land is used for producing food crops. Agriculture overview of India & China

India is largest producer of Mangoes & Banana in the world India is the 2nd largest producer of wheat & rice in the world India has more land for paddy cultivation but production is low as compared to China When it comes to spices, India is number one in production, consumption and exports. Largely depends on monsoon. China has low production of Mangoes and Banana however is largest producer of total fruits & vegetables (3 times more than India) China is largest producer of wheat & rice in the world (producing 40% more than India) China produce more rice with less land Chinese production of raw cotton is more than 40% higher than in India China has better farming methods and techniques. Crops grown in India & China

Farming Techniques Both in China and India, has small farm sizes inhibit mechanization but fertilizer usage is much higher in China than India. Additionally, China invests significantly more in agricultural research and development compared to India to produce high-yield and quicker-growing crop varieties. This, along with better irrigation and more intensive cultivation of the land by double or even triple cropping, are the primary reasons for China’s superior yields. Yield from rainfall-dependent land is much lower compared to the yield from irrigated land. To supplement rainfall, farmers mostly depend on water from wells dug on farmland. Although use of ground water has been a major factor in the rapid growth of Indian agriculture, water depletion and wastage have become significant problems. The water table in many areas has eroded, requiring deeper and deeper wells.

Threats faced by farmers in India & China Drought – Most common threat for Indian farmers. Rain – In India unexpected rain damages ready crops. Low Education on farming tools & techniques. Debt burden on loan taken for farming is very high. Selling Price – Indian farmers do not get fair selling price and at times have to settle Flood – Most common threat for Chinese farmers Rain – Chinese farmers use latest techniques to avoid crop damages. China spend more on research and better way of farming. Loans are available at low interest rate. Selling Price – Chinese government control all price and provide special incentive for high production.

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