Mrs. Tate D110 Biology/Pre-AP Biology International Scholars Academy Week of 9-9-13 Mrs. Tate D110 Biology/Pre-AP Biology International Scholars Academy

Monday 9-9-13 Due: Vocabulary ( unit 2), Promotional Claims Lab Report Objective: Interpret relationships, including predation, parasitism, commensalisms, mutualism, and competition among organisms. Agenda: Bell Work 3 ( Level of Organization Practice) – 4min Symbiotic Relationships Review/Journal Entry (journal headings) – ( 12R-14L) Clean up/Pack up- Leave Journals for Grading Ecology Vocabulary Test Thursday

Question 9-9-18 ( 12L)

By the end of this PowerPoint, you should be able to answer… What is symbiosis? What are the different kinds of symbiosis

Journal Set- Up ( 12R-14L) Headings 12R- Commensalism 13L-Mutalism 13R- Parasitism 14L- Predation Under each heading, you will paraphrase the meaning of each symbiotic relationship

Literal definition: the act of living together What is symbiosis? Literal definition: the act of living together What it means: Two organisms that live together Temporarily or for a longer time At least one of the organisms benefits from the relationship

What are the different kinds of symbiosis? Mutualism Commensalism Parasitism both organisms benefit one organism benefits one organism benefits one organism is unaffected one organism is harmed

“Good for you, good for me! MUTUALISM “Good for you, good for me! Example: Ostrich and Gazelle These two animals feed next to each other in the grasslands. Both watch for predators and alert each other to danger. The visual abilities of these two animals are different so they are able to identify threats the other animal would not see.

COMMENSALISM “Good for me, doesn’t bother you! Example: Hermit Crab and Snail Remora and Shark A hermit crab lives in shells that are made and then abandoned by snails. This neither harms nor benefits the snail. A remora attaches themselves to a shark’s body. They travel with the shark and feed on the left over food from the shark’s meals. This does not hurt or help the shark.

Parasitism “Good for me, hurts you!” Example: Cuckoo and Warbler Deer and Tick A cuckoo may lay its eggs in a warbler’s nest. The cuckoo’s young will displace the warbler’s young and will be raised by the warbler. A tick feeds on deer blood to the detriment of the deer.

Predation A form of symbiotic relationship between two organisms of unlike species in which one of them acts as predator that captures and feeds on the other organism that serves as the prey.

Parasitism: one benefits, one is harmed Example 1: Acacia plant with ant galls Ants lay eggs on acacia tree Acacia covers the infected area with brown flesh (gall) Parasitism: one benefits, one is harmed

Mutualism: both benefit Example 2: Moray Eel with Cleaner Fish Moray Eel gets a clean mouth Cleaner Fish gets a meal Mutualism: both benefit

Commensalism: one benefits, one is unaffected Example 3: Cattle with cattle egrets Cattle stir up insects as they eat grass Egrets hang around and eat insects Commensalism: one benefits, one is unaffected

Commensalism: one benefits, one is unaffected Example 4: Clown fish with anemone Clown fish gets protection Anemone is unaffected Commensalism: one benefits, one is unaffected

Mutualism: both benefit Example 5: Antelope with Oxbird Antelope gets rid of parasites Oxbird gets a meal Mutualism: both benefit

Predation: The owl is hunting the mouse Example 6: Barn Owl Capturing Prey Predation: The owl is hunting the mouse

Parasitism: one benefits, one is harmed Example 7: Taenia worm in human eye Worm infects human blood stream Human may go blind Parasitism: one benefits, one is harmed

Instructions Read the relationship described on each card. Determine what type of relationship this is and record the name of the organisms on the correct page in your journal. When you have all your cards completed, use glue or tape to post your cards on its page. VERIFY your answers before gluing/taping.

Tuesday 9-10-13- Tomorrow, Meet in the Library!! Objectives: Interpret relationships, including predation, parasitism, commensalisms, mutualism, and competition among organisms. Compare variations and adaptations of organisms in different ecosystems. Analyze the flow of matter and energy through trophic levels using various models, including food chains, food webs, and ecological pyramids. Recognize that long term survival of species is dependent on changing resource bases that are limited. Describe how environmental change can impact ecosystem stability. Agenda:------****Vocabulary Test Thursday**** 1. Bell Ringer 4 ( 14R)- 8 min 2. Symbiosis Cards (finish) 3. Engage For PBL: “ How can we challenge the younger generation to save endangered Texas wildlife?” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-OWX6KZQDoE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CFQGh4YWMTY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H0JkYqeDkdU http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fpCOHak91r8

Questions: 9-10-13 (14R)

Students are to report to the library to work on Day 1 of Ecology PBL. Wednesday 9-11-13 Students are to report to the library to work on Day 1 of Ecology PBL.

1. Vocabulary Quiz ( 20 min max) Thursday 9-12-13 Objectives: Interpret relationships, including predation, parasitism, commensalisms, mutualism, and competition among organisms. Compare variations and adaptations of organisms in different ecosystems. Analyze the flow of matter and energy through trophic levels using various models, including food chains, food webs, and ecological pyramids. Recognize that long term survival of species is dependent on changing resource bases that are limited. Describe how environmental change can impact ecosystem stability. Agenda: 1. Vocabulary Quiz ( 20 min max) 2. Energy Flow Notes ( 10-15 min)- review (15L) 3. Continue to work on day 1 of your PBL 4. 1 min to bell sounds pack up/move chairs

HABITAT __________________ = The area where an organism lives A rattlesnake lives in a desert in the American Southwest HABITAT http://animals.timduru.org/dirlist/snake/animalwild089-RattleSnake-FaceCloseup.jpg http://www.rvstogophx.com/images/arizona_desert_sm.jpg

NICHE _____________ = place it lives PLUS the _____________ & ______________ interactions it has in that place NICHE includes: Where it lives PLUS . . . What it eats? What eats it? Where in the habitat it lives? In a tree, in a pond, underground Its actions… hibernating, migrating, etc When & how it reproduces? NICHE biotic abiotic

HABITAT vs NICHE? Habitat is like an address OCCUPATION http://www.electricwomen.com/hunterspoint/images/21-street-sign-moreell.jpg HABITAT vs NICHE? Habitat is like an organism’s ____________ Niche is like an organism’s ______________ address OCCUPATION http://resmedicinae.sourceforge.net/logos/doctor.png http://www.michcampgrounds.com/yogibears/yogi-picnic-cartoon.jpg http://www.formaui.org/kamalii/critters.htm

Energy Flow in the Biosphere, Chapter 3-1 & 3-2 http://www.geog.uni-heidelberg.de/~ttavk/weltkarten/globen/1997-1998-biosphere-Nasa.jpg

The Earth is SOLAR POWERED! ALL LIVING THINGS USE ENERGY The Earth is SOLAR POWERED! _____________ is the main source of energy for life on Earth. SUNLIGHT http://www.animation-station.com/smileys/index.php?page=17

AUTOTROPHS = PRODUCERS Can make their own food ALL LIVING THINGS USE ENERGY AUTOTROPHS = PRODUCERS Can make their own food PHOTOSYNTHESIS Most autotrophs use _______________ to capture solar energy Main producers on land = green plants In water = algae BIOLOGY; MIller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

absence of light chemical bonds INORGANIC MOLECULES CHEMOSYNTHESIS Some autotrophs can make own food in the ____________________ They use energy stored in ________________ of ______________________to produce carbohydrates = ___________________ Ex: Bacteria that live in HOSTILE places Like volcano vents, hot springs, marshes absence of light chemical bonds INORGANIC MOLECULES CHEMOSYNTHESIS BIOLOGY; MIller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

HETEROTROPHS = ____________ Get energy from consuming other organisms CONSUMERS HETEROTROPHS = ____________ Get energy from consuming other organisms http://www.epa.gov/region5/superfund/ecology/images/fishcartoon.gif

HETEROTROPHS = CONSUMERS HERBIVORES ________________ = eat only plants eat only animals eat both plants & animals CARNIVORES OMNIVORES http://gallery.hd.org/_exhibits/natural-science/_more2003/_more09/elephant-eating-greenery-in-Addo-Park-Eastern-Cape-South-Africa-2-WL.jpg http://personal.ecu.edu/wuenschk/rabbit-wolf.gif http://www.rodsguide.com/bears/eating.jpg

HETEROTROPHS = CONSUMERS DETRITIVORES ________________ = feed on plant & animal remains EX: mites, earthworms, snails, crabs break down and absorb organic matter EX: bacteria & fungi DECOMPOSERS http://montereybayphotos.com/images/nature/2.jpg http://www.fwnp.com/bracket-fungi.htm

↑ ↑ CONSUMERS (Heterotrophs) PRODUCERS (Autotrophs) _________________ Energy flows through an ecosystem in a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by being eaten CONSUMERS (Heterotrophs) ________________ _________________ = _________________ ↑ ↑ PRODUCERS (Autotrophs) FOOD CHAIN http://fig.cox.miami.edu/Faculty/Dana/foodchain.jpg

copyright cmassengale Food Chain 3rd Order consumer 2nd Order Consumer 1st order Consumer 4th Order Consumer Producer (trapped sunlight & stored food) copyright cmassengale

In most ecosystems feeding relationships are more complex Pearson Education Inc, Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall In most ecosystems feeding relationships are more complex FOOD WEB A ______________ links ALL the food chains in an ecosystem together.

copyright cmassengale Food Web copyright cmassengale

PRODUCERS FIRST Each step in a food chain or web = _______________ ALWAYS make up the ________ trophic level. TROPHIC LEVEL PRODUCERS FIRST http://home.insightbb.com/~g.mager/Pond/Ecosystem.htll

Lower levels must be bigger to support the level above. Only about_____ of the energy from each level is passed on. 10% http://home.insightbb.com/~g.mager/Pond/Ecosystem.htll

copyright cmassengale Energy Pyramid copyright cmassengale

copyright cmassengale Biomass Pyramid copyright cmassengale

copyright cmassengale Pyramid of Numbers copyright cmassengale

Some energy is used for life processes such as growth, development, movement, metabolism, transport, and reproduction. The rest is lost as ________ HEAT http://home.insightbb.com/~g.mager/Pond/Ecosystem.htll

1. Bell Ringer 5 ( 15R)- 6 min to complete/ 4 min to review T.G.I.Friday 9-13-13 Objectives: Interpret relationships, including predation, parasitism, commensalisms, mutualism, and competition among organisms. Compare variations and adaptations of organisms in different ecosystems. Analyze the flow of matter and energy through trophic levels using various models, including food chains, food webs, and ecological pyramids. Recognize that long term survival of species is dependent on changing resource bases that are limited. Describe how environmental change can impact ecosystem stability. Agenda: 1. Bell Ringer 5 ( 15R)- 6 min to complete/ 4 min to review 2. Energy Flow Notes Questions 3. Finish Day 1/Day 2 of your Ecology PBL 4. 3 min to bell sounds pack up/move chairs Reminders: Ecology test Thursday; Projects count as a test grade.