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The Biosphere, Chapter 3-1 “What is Ecology?”

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Presentation on theme: "The Biosphere, Chapter 3-1 “What is Ecology?”"— Presentation transcript:

1 The Biosphere, Chapter 3-1 “What is Ecology?”

2 REMEMBER CELL BIO

3 ________ __________  ___________ ATOMS
INTEREST GRABBER- THINK BACK TO CHAPTER 7 MOLECULES ORGANELLES ________ __________  ___________ ATOMS IMAGE SOURCES: see last slide

4 ____________  ____________ 
CELLS TISSUES ____________  ____________  Similar cells working together IMAGE SOURCES: see last slide

5 ___________  __________ ___________
ORGAN SYSTEMS ORGANS ORGANISM ___________  __________ ___________ Different tissues working together Different organs working together IMAGE SOURCES: see last slide

6 ___________________________________
ORGANISMS POPULATIONS COMMUNITY ___________________________________ SAME SPECIES LIVING TOGETHER IN AN AREA Ex: “herd” DIFFERENT POPULATIONS LIVING TOGETHER IN AN AREA BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall;2006

7 _______________________ _____________
ECOSYSTEMS BIOMES BIOSPHERE _______________________ _____________ All the organisms that live in a place together with their NON-living environment Group of ecosystems that have same climate and similar communities The portion of the planet in which all life exists IMAGE SOURCES: see last slide

8 Organisms so similar to one another that they can breed and produce fertile offspring = _____________ SPECIES

9 EX: Horse X donkey = mule
EX: Horse X donkey = mule 64 chromosomes 62 chromosomes 63 chromosomes Horses and donkeys are different species. If you breed them, the result is a mule which can NOT have offspring!

10 https://www. youtube. com/watch
022

11 The portion of the planet in which all life exists = _________________
The scientific study of interactions of organisms with each other and with their environment = ______________ The portion of the planet in which all life exists = _________________ (includes land, water, atmosphere) ECOLOGY BIOSPHERE Extends from about 8 km above the Earth’s surface to 11 km below the ocean’s surface

12 WHAT SHAPES AN ECOSYSTEM?
BIOTIC FACTORS __________________ All the living things an organism interacts with All the non-living things that affect an organism Ex: climate, temperature, sunlight soil, humidity, wind ABIOTIC FACTORS Images from: Pearson Education Inc; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall

13 HABITAT __________________ = The area where an organism lives
A rattlesnake lives in a desert in the American Southwest HABITAT

14 NICHE _____________ = place it lives PLUS the
_____________ & ______________ interactions it has in that place NICHE includes: Where it lives PLUS . . . What it eats? What eats it? Where in the habitat it lives? In a tree, in a pond, underground Its actions… hibernating, migrating, etc When & how it reproduces? NICHE biotic abiotic

15 Energy, Producers, and Consumers 3-2

16 The Earth is SOLAR POWERED!
ALL LIVING THINGS USE ENERGY The Earth is SOLAR POWERED! _____________ is the main source of energy for life on Earth. SUNLIGHT

17 AUTOTROPHS = PRODUCERS Can make their own food
ALL LIVING THINGS USE ENERGY AUTOTROPHS = PRODUCERS Can make their own food PHOTOSYNTHESIS Most autotrophs use _______________ to capture solar energy Main producers on land = green plants In water = algae BIOLOGY; MIller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

18 Some autotrophs can make own food in the ____________________
They use energy stored in ________________ of ______________________to produce carbohydrates = ___________________ Ex: Bacteria that live in HOSTILE places Like volcano vents, hot springs, marshes absence of light chemical bonds INORGANIC MOLECULES CHEMOSYNTHESIS BIOLOGY; MIller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

19 HETEROTROPHS = ____________ Get energy from consuming other organisms
CONSUMERS HETEROTROPHS = ____________ Get energy from consuming other organisms

20 HETEROTROPHS = CONSUMERS
HERBIVORES ________________ = eat only plants eat only animals eat both plants & animals CARNIVORES OMNIVORES

21 HETEROTROPHS = CONSUMERS
DETRITIVORES ________________ = feed on plant & animal remains EX: mites, earthworms, snails, crabs break down and absorb organic matter EX: bacteria & fungi DECOMPOSERS

22 3.3 Energy Flow in Ecosystems

23 ↑ ↑ CONSUMERS (Heterotrophs) PRODUCERS (Autotrophs)
Energy flows through an ecosystem in a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by being eaten CONSUMERS (Heterotrophs) ________________ _________________ = _________________ PRODUCERS (Autotrophs) FOOD CHAIN

24 In most ecosystems feeding relationships are more complex
Pearson Education Inc, Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall In most ecosystems feeding relationships are more complex FOOD WEB A ______________ links ALL the food chains in an ecosystem together.

25 PRODUCERS FIRST Each step in a food chain or web = _______________
ALWAYS make up the ________ trophic level. TROPHIC LEVEL PRODUCERS FIRST

26 BIOMASS… On land, land plants make up the bottom of the pyramid and contain the most BIOMASS… In the sea zooplankton feed off of phytoplankton (like algae) Biomass….count all the blades of grass??

27 **Calculate each level if producers is 100%.... 10%
Lower levels must be bigger to support the level above. Only about_____ of the energy from each level is passed on. **Calculate each level if producers is 100%.... 10%

28 Some energy is used for life processes such as growth, development,
movement, metabolism, transport, and reproduction. The rest is lost as ________ HEAT

29 WHAT DO CELLS USE ENERGY FOR ?
ACTIVE TRANSPORT Na+ - K + PUMP Endocytosis Exocytosis Animation from: See a movie Animation from:

30 WHAT DO CELLS USE ENERGY FOR ?
Movement Synthesis of biomolecules Meiosis: Cilia: Replication: Transcription: Translation:

31 Growth and Development REPRODUCTION
Family image from:


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