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Energy Flow in the Biosphere,

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Presentation on theme: "Energy Flow in the Biosphere,"— Presentation transcript:

1 Energy Flow in the Biosphere,

2 Essential Question How does energy flow through an ecosystem?

3 The Earth is SOLAR POWERED!
ALL LIVING THINGS USE ENERGY The Earth is SOLAR POWERED! _____________ is the main source of energy for life on Earth. SUNLIGHT

4 AUTOTROPHS = PRODUCERS Can make their own food
ALL LIVING THINGS USE ENERGY AUTOTROPHS = PRODUCERS Can make their own food PHOTOSYNTHESIS Most autotrophs use _______________ to capture solar energy Main producers on land = green plants In water = algae BIOLOGY; MIller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

5 HETEROTROPHS = ____________ Get energy from consuming other organisms
CONSUMERS HETEROTROPHS = ____________ Get energy from consuming other organisms

6 HETEROTROPHS = CONSUMERS
HERBIVORES ________________ = eat only plants eat only animals eat both plants & animals CARNIVORES OMNIVORES

7 HETEROTROPHS = CONSUMERS
DETRITIVORES ________________ = feed on plant & animal remains EX: mites, earthworms, snails, crabs break down and absorb organic matter EX: bacteria & fungi DECOMPOSERS

8 ↑ ↑ CONSUMERS (Heterotrophs) PRODUCERS (Autotrophs)
Energy flows through an ecosystem in a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by being eaten CONSUMERS (Heterotrophs) ________________ _________________ = _________________ PRODUCERS (Autotrophs) FOOD CHAIN

9 Food Chains Food chains show the transfer of energy from the sun to producer to consumer Arrows point in the direction that the energy is going 9

10 In most ecosystems feeding relationships are more complex
Pearson Education Inc, Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall In most ecosystems feeding relationships are more complex FOOD WEB A ______________ links ALL the food chains in an ecosystem together.

11 Ecological Pyramids An ecological pyramid is yet another way of showing the transfer of energy in an ecosystem They also show How amount of available energy decreases for higher consumers That it takes a large number of producers to support a small number of tertiary consumers

12 Ecological Pyramids An ecological pyramid is a diagram that can show the relative amounts of energy, biomass, or numbers of organisms at each trophic level in an ecosystem. Energy Pyramid Biomass Pyramid Pyramid of Numbers

13 PRODUCERS FIRST Each step in a food chain or web = _______________
ALWAYS make up the ________ trophic level. TROPHIC LEVEL PRODUCERS FIRST

14 TROPHIC LEVELS = steps in a food chain
1st trophic level is the producer 2nd trophic level is the primary consumer or herbivore 3rd level is the secondary consumer or smaller carnivore 4th level is the tertiary consumer or larger carnivore

15

16 This is known as the law of 10% 10%
Lower levels must be bigger to support the level above. Only about_____ of the energy from each level is passed on. This is known as the law of 10% 10%

17 Some energy is used for life processes such as growth, development,
movement, metabolism, transport, and reproduction. The rest is lost as ________ HEAT

18 Pyramid of Energy * energy decreases at each succeeding trophic level – only 10% of the energy goes to the next level 0.1% 1% 10% 100% Why not 100%? Because organisms use much of the energy for life processes (movement, reproduction) and some is released into the environment as heat . (entropy)

19 Biomass Pyramid Biomass – total weight of living things
In a pyramid of biomass, each level represents the amount of biomass consumed by the level above it.

20 Pyramid of Numbers Pyramid of numbers shows the relative number of organisms at each trophic level. the number of organisms is higher at the bottom of the pyramid (producers) and lower at the top (top consumers) Pyramid of numbers shows the relative number of organisms at each trophic level.

21 Ecological Pyramids


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