Warm-Up #6 4/19/13 1) Label each Pyramid below. 2) Place the following animals into a food pyramid in order: Squirrel, Tree, Fox Bear. 3) Fill in the 2 missing parts on this diagram.

After the Quiz Turn it in to Mrs. Ison and get your grade Put your grade on your grade sheet 4/19/13 Ecology and Energy Flow Quiz__ Get out your food Web sheets and answer the questions on the back

Biomes Ecology-Unit 10 Chapter 4

Biomes Terrestrial community with similar temperatures, precipitation, plants, and animals Each biome has a typical climate diagram with average temperatures and precipitation through the year

Climate Graph The blue bars show the precipitation by month. The precipitation scale is on the left The red dots on the curved line show the temperature by month. The temperature scale is on the right.

Biomes Location determines climate Climate determines plants present Ex. Cacti have water conserving structures Plants determine animals present Ex. Cactus eating finches Location+Climate+Plants+Animals=Biome

0 o N latitude Equator 90 o N latitude North Pole As latitude and altitude increase, temperature and organism diversity decreases

Biomes

Tropical Rain Forest Near Equator High precipitation High temperatures Poor soil High diversity of life Dense trees— canopy Very little light gets to the forest floor!! Sparse grass

Tropical Dry Forest Central America, Africa, & Asia Variable precipitation Dry & rainy seasons Mild temperatures Rich soil Moderate diversity of life Deciduous trees lose their leaves

Tropical Savanna South America, Africa, & Australia Precipitation variable Mild temperatures Clay soil Moderate diversity Sparse trees Dense grasses Lions, zebras, elephants

Desert Africa, Asia, Australia, N. America, S. America, Low precipitation Variable temperature Hot days Cold nights Poor soil Moderate diversity NO trees Sparse grasses Cactus, lizards, small mammals

Animal adaptations: Wide feet to give stability on sandy ground Large ears to cool off the body Camouflage coloring for protection from predators Plant adaptations: Needle like leaves to reduce water loss

Hot deserts  Cold desert  Antarctica

Temperate Grassland N. America, Europe, Asia, S. America Moderate precipitation Hot summers Rich soil Moderate diversity NO trees Dense grasses Deer & buffalo Farmland

Temperate Woodland and Shrubland West coast of N. & S. America, Mediterranean, Australia Low precip in summer Moderate precip in winter Hot summers Poor soil Low diversity Medium trees-spiny shrubs Medium grasses Rodents, lizards, coyote, birds

Temperate Forest Eastern N. America, Europe, Japan, Australia Moderate precipitation Moderate summers Cold winters Rich soil High diversity Dense trees-Oak, maple, some conifers Sparse grasses Fox, deer, bear, squirrel, birds, rabbit

Northwest Coniferous Forest Pacific Northwest High precipitation Mild summer Cold winter Rocky, acidic soil Low diversity Dense trees- Conifers! Sparse grasses Deer, elk, wolves, owls, bears, bobcats

Boreal Forest Also called Taiga Northern portions of N. America, Europe, Asia Moderate precip Mild summers Cold winters Poor, acidic soil Moderate diversity Dense trees- conifers! Sparse grasses Lynx, moose, wolves

Tundra Extreme northern areas Low precipitation Short, wet summers Cold winters Poor soil Low diversity NO trees Medium grasses Permafrost Lichens- photosynthetic Caribou, wolves, bear

Aquatic Ecosystems ¾ of Earth covered by water 3% is freshwater Ecosystems are determined by: Depth—amount of light Flow Temperature Chemistry— amount of salt

Aquatic Ecosystems Freshwater Flowing water Standing water Freshwater wetlands Estuaries—fresh water flows into the ocean, influenced by tides Salt marshes Chesapeake Bay Mangrove swamps Florida Marine Photic Zone— light penetrates to 200m. Aphotic Zone— no light penetrates Other zones: Intertidal Coastal ocean Coral reefs Open ocean Benthic zone

Ten Major Biomes BiomePrecipitationTemperatureSoilDiversityTreesGrasses Tropical Rain Forest highhotpoorhighdensesparse Tropical Dry Forest variablemildrichmoderatemedium Tropical Savannavariablemildclaymoderatesparsedense Desertlowvariablepoormoderatesparse Temperate Grassland moderatesummer hotrichmoderateabsentdense Temperate woodland and Shrubland summer low, winter moderate summer hotpoorlowmedium Temperate Forestmoderatesummer moderate, winter cold richhighdensesparse Northwestern Coniferous Forest highsummer mild, winter cold rocky, acidic lowdensesparse Boreal Forestmoderatesummer mild, winter cool poor, acidicmoderatedensesparse Tundralowsummer mild, winter cold poorlowabsentmedium