LIFE SCIENCE REVIEW BY: MCKINLEY BRYSON

WATER AND CARBON DIOXIDE-OXYGEN CYCLES Questions 1-3

WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM Evaporation

CONDENSATION Condensation- conversion of gas to liquid: the process by which a vapor loses heat and changes into a liquid. During condensation, water vapor touches something cold, and becomes liquid again. Earth doesn’t just have condensation in the clouds. When water vapor touches a cold water bottle, water droplets form on the bottle. This is an example of condensation. So condensation can’t happen just in the clouds.

CARBON DIOXIDE/OXYGEN CYCLE DIAGRAM If we had too many plants then we would have too much oxygen in the air. If we had too many animals or pollution, then we would have too much carbon dioxide in the air.

INHERITED VS. LEARNED BEHAVIOR Question 4

WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE? INHERITED TRAITS A trait or character that is inherited or passed down from generation to generation. Eye colorHair color Skin colorSizeHitch hiker’s thumb Attached earlobes LEARNED Behavior that is taught or earned through experience JumpingWalking TalkingSingingReading Writing

FOOD WEBS AND FOOD CHAINS Questions 5-8

ROLES IN AN ECOSYSTEM-PRODUCERS Producer- An organism that makes it’s own food. Plants FlowersTrees Bushes Grass

ROLES IN AN ECOSYSTEM-CONSUMER An organism that eats other plants and/or animals for food. Humans BirdsReptiles Amphibians Mammals

ROLES IN AN ECOSYSTEM-DECOMPOSER Decomposer- an organism that breaks down dead plants and animals into other substances. Mushrooms Fungus Bacteria Worms

ROLE IN AN ECOSYSTEM-HERBIVORES Herbivore- An animal that only eats plants. Cattle Deer Sheep Armadillos Chipmunks Elephants

ROLES IN AN ECOSYSTEM- OMNIVORES Animals that eat both plants and other animals Humans Bears Hedge Hogs Opossums Squirrels Skunks

ROLES IN AN ECOSYSTEM-SCAVENGERS Scavengers- animals that find dead animals, and eat them Hyenas VulturesRaccoons Rats Crows

WHAT IS A NICHE?

LET’S TALK ABOUT TEETH! Herbivore teeth are different from carnivore teeth. Herbivore teeth are adapted to eating plants. Carnivore teeth are adapted to eating meat. They can’t change their diet. The animal’s entire body is adapted to eating their certain diet. There teeth and stomachs wouldn’t be able to handle the new diet.

FOOD CHAIN!

FOOD CHAIN! ARCTIC EDITION!

FOOD CHAINS- WHAT IF THEY BROKE?* Here are 4 different possibilities of what would happen if one of the organisms in the food chains shown above died: 1. If the sun was taken out of either, all plants would die. There would be no food for rabbits or seals, causing a lack of food for all other animals in the chain. Eventually, the habitat and all animals living there would die. 2. If the rabbits or seals died, there would be a plant overpopulation, and all of the polar bears, hawks and vultures would have no food (This would take longer to happen to the vultures). 3. If the plants were taken out there would be no food for rabbits or seals, causing a lack of food for all other animals in the chain. Eventually, the habitat and all animals living there would die. 4. If the hawks or polar bears were taken out there would be an overpopulation of rabbits and seals, causing the plants to all die off. The rabbits and seals would then die, and the vultures would die off as well. *I used the question #7 food chains

METAMORPHOSIS Question 9 is located on paper below

PLANTS Questions 10-13

PLANT JOBS Seed- Is a casing for the baby plant. Helps the plant be protected. Flower- Has petals, and nectar to help attract bees, and other bugs to come pollinate. Has fruit to keep seeds safe. Seeds to help reproduce, and pollen, to enable a plant to reproduce. Leaf- Uses photosynthesis to make food. Makes oxygen, Collects sunlight. Uses transpiration to let out water. Stem- Supports plant, carries water to the leaves, and carries food to the roots. Roots- Get water from the ground, anchors plant, and stores food

WHAT PLANTS NEED All plants don’t need the same amount of soil, water and sunlight to survive. Trees can’t live in the dessert or the tundra; It needs more water, sunlight and a different climate The plants that have adapted to certain climates can’t live outside of them. They need different things

HOW DO SEEDS TRAVEL? Seeds can travel by attaching themselves to animals. These seeds, such as burrs, can travel short or long distances. Animals might bring them to a place where they can’t grow. That is one of the cons. A pro is that animals can spread the seeds out everywhere. Seeds (especially dandelion seeds) are light enough to be blown by the wind. A con is that they might end up in water, where they can’t grow. A pro is, The plants can spread out a lot more. Seeds can fall off the tree in fruit and grow there. A con is that all the trees are in the same area. A pro is that they don’t have the chance of being somewhere they cant live.

DECREASING PLANTS IN AN ECOSYSTEM A plant population could decrease if there were more plant eating animals that ate the plants. If there was a drought then the plant population would die off. A natural disaster (Tornado, earthquake, etc.) Could happen, hurting the plants. There could be a very hot summer, or super cold winter, causing the plants to not be adapted to their environment.

ECOSYSTEMS Questions 14-17

ADAPTATIONS OF A LIZARD Lizards change color with the temperature to absorb and reflect heat. Live in burrows to get out of sun. Have fringes on toes to provide traction when running across the desert sand.

ADAPTATIONS OF A CACTUS Has spikes and a thick stem to make it difficult and dangerous to eat. Spikes can provide a little shade. Waxy outer coating keeps more moisture in. Roots spread out near the surface. A cactus’ niche is to be eaten by deer or rabbits and to produce energy from the sun.

ALL ABOUT DECIDUOUS FORESTS! A deciduous forest has rich soil. Its climate is warm and humid. It has 4 distinct seasons. Broad leaf trees, shrubs, lichen and moss grow there. Moderate rainfall. Squirrels deer, chipmunks, warblers, chickadees, raccoons, possums, skunks, wolf, fox, and coyotes live there. The plants and animals have adapted to live there. The varying sunlight caused trees to make broader leaves. Animals adapted to the moderate rainfall too. Maples, Oaks and hickory trees form a canopy. On every continent except Africa and Antarctica.

TUNDRA In the polar regions and some mountains. Has permafrost. Soil is thin. Long cold winters. Lichen, moss and shrubs are the only plants there. They are ground hugging to preserve warmth. Wolfs, hares, caribou, and foxes all live there among other animals. They have thick fur, fats and compact bodies to preserve warmth.