Don Sparks Statesville Senior High School Don Sparks Statesville Senior High School

PeriodizationPeriodization Early Middle Ages: 500 – 1000 High Middle Ages: 1000 – 1250 Late Middle Ages:

Europe in the 6c

The Medieval Catholic Church  filled the power vacuum left from the collapse of the classical world.  monasticism:  St. Benedict – Benedictine Rule of poverty, chastity, and obedience.  provided schools for the children of the upper class.  inns, hospitals, refuge in times of war.  libraries & scriptoria to copy books and illuminate manuscripts.  monks  missionaries to the barbarians. [St. Patrick, St. Boniface]

The Power of the Medieval Church  bishops and abbots played a large part in the feudal system.  the church controlled about 1/3 of the land in Western Europe.  tried to curb feudal warfare  only 40 days a year for combat.  curb heresies  crusades; Inquisition  tithe  1/10 tax on your assets given to the church.  Peter’s Pence  1 penny per person [paid by the peasants].

A Medieval Monk’s Day

A Medieval Monastery: The Scriptorium

Illuminated Manuscripts

Romanesque Architectural Style e Rounded Arches. e Barrel vaults. e Thick walls. e Darker, simplistic interiors. e Small windows, usually at the top of the wall.

Charlemagne: 742 to 814

Charlemagne’s Empire

Pope Crowned Charlemagne Holy Roman Emperor: Dec. 25, 800

The Carolingian Renaissance

Carolingian Miniscule

The Rise of European Monarchies: England

Charlemagne’s Empire Collapses: Treaty of Verdun, 843

FeudalismFeudalism A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty and military service.

Carcassonne: A Medieval Castle

Parts of a Medieval Castle

The Road to Knighthood KNIGHT SQUIRE PAGE

Chivalry: A Code of Honor and Behavior

a.excellent horsemen b.skilled in battle c.brave d.generous in victory e.devoted to religion f.educated in the arts g.willing to help the poor and needy h.to be courteous to women i.fight to the death to their “lady”

The Medieval Manor

Life on the Medieval Manor Serfs at work

William the Conqueror: Battle of Hastings, 1066 (Bayeaux Tapestry)

Evolution of England’s Political System  Henry I:  William’s son.  set up a court system.  Exchequer  dept. of royal finances.  Henry II:  established the principle of common law throughout the kingdom.  grand jury.  trial by jury.

Magna Carta, 1215  King John I   Runnymeade  “Great Charter”  monarchs were not above the law.  kings had to consult a council of advisors.  kings could not tax arbitrarily.

The Beginnings of the British Parliament  Great Council:  middle class merchants, townspeople [burgesses in Eng., bourgeoisie in Fr., burghers in Ger.] were added at the end of the 13c.  eventually called Parliament.  by 1400, two chambers evolved: o House of Lords  nobles & clergy. o House of Commons  knights and burgesses.

The Rise of European Monarchies: France

Gothic Architectural Style Pointed arches. High, narrow vaults. Thinner walls. Flying buttresses. Elaborate, ornate, airier interiors. Stained-glass windows. “Flying” Buttresses

Pope Urban II: Preaching a Crusade

Setting Out on Crusade

Christian Crusades: East and West

Thomas Beckett Thomas Beckett was appointed as Archbishop of Canterbury by King HenryThomas Beckett was appointed as Archbishop of Canterbury by King Henry Beckett defended the church against the King, thinking that the wanted Beckett dead, 4 barons went to Canterbury where they killed Thomas Beckett in his cathedralBeckett defended the church against the King, thinking that the wanted Beckett dead, 4 barons went to Canterbury where they killed Thomas Beckett in his cathedral Beckett was declared a saint by the Catholic Church, and people from all over England went to his burial place in Canterbury to pray and be healed of sicknessBeckett was declared a saint by the Catholic Church, and people from all over England went to his burial place in Canterbury to pray and be healed of sickness One of the best loved books in the English language, The Canterbury Tales, by Geoffrey Chaucer, is about a group of pilgrims (one who travels for religious reasons) setting out for Beckett’s tombOne of the best loved books in the English language, The Canterbury Tales, by Geoffrey Chaucer, is about a group of pilgrims (one who travels for religious reasons) setting out for Beckett’s tomb

Canterbury CathedralCanterbury Cathedral in Canterbury, United KingdomCanterbury

Medieval Universities

Oxford University

Late Medieval Town Dwellings

Medieval Trade

Medieval Guilds (Unions) Guild Hall   Commercial Monopoly:  C ontrolled membership apprentice  journeyman  master craftsman  Controlled quality of the product [masterpiece].  Controlled prices

Medieval Guilds: A Goldsmith’s Shop

Crest of a Cooper’s Guild

Vikings a. Vikings were fierce warriors, traders, and raiders from Scandinavia, present-day Norway, Sweden, and Denmark. b. Vikings terrorized much of coastal Europe and traveled many miles up rivers in their special boats (could float in 3 feet of water when loaded) c. A Viking named Leif Ericson was probably the first European explorer to discover North America

MARCO POLO a.Marco Polo was born in Venice Italy in the mid 1200’s b.Venice was founded on a group of swampy islands during the Dark Ages and over the centuries it grew into a rich and powerful as a trading center between Europe and the Far East c.When Marco Polo was 16 he traveled with his family to China and entered the court of the great Kublai Khan d.Marco Polo was chosen as the representative to the outlying provinces of China and the Polo family remained there for 24 years e.When fighting broke out between Venice and Genoa Marco was taken prisoner and wrote the book, The Travels of Marco Polo, this book gave the Europeans their first look into China and helped create the first accurate maps of Asia f.His book aroused the interest of Christopher Columbus (Genoa)

JOAN OF ARC In a strange but true story, an illiterate peasant girl convinced the King of France to allow her to lead the armies of France during the Hundred Years WarIn a strange but true story, an illiterate peasant girl convinced the King of France to allow her to lead the armies of France during the Hundred Years War At the age of 17, Joan of Arc led the French to victory over the English in a Battle of Orleans France in 1429At the age of 17, Joan of Arc led the French to victory over the English in a Battle of Orleans France in 1429 The Battle of Orleans was the turning point of the Hundred Years War and eventually drove the English out of France in 1453, this is why Joan of Arc is loved by the French and was burned at the stake by the EnglishThe Battle of Orleans was the turning point of the Hundred Years War and eventually drove the English out of France in 1453, this is why Joan of Arc is loved by the French and was burned at the stake by the English Joan of Arc was declared a saint by the Roman Catholic Church in 1920Joan of Arc was declared a saint by the Roman Catholic Church in 1920

Image of Joan of Arc Painted between 1450 and 1500