1. THE MIDDLE AGES
Europe AD

2. Periodization Early Middle Ages: 500 – 1000
After fall of Rome, chaos ensues- wars, no trade, signs of advanced civilization disappear in Europe
High Middle Ages: – 1250
Conditions improve as Monarchs provide security / economic growth- begin to build nations
Late Middle Ages:
Progressive thinking eventually leads to increased democracy, technology, science, etc… Renaissance, Reformation

3. Europe in the 6c

4. Charlemagne: 742 to 814 Frankish King c. 800 AD
Unites Present day France, Germany, N. Italy into empire
Works with church- spreads Christianity throughout W.Europe
Values education= schools, textbooks, etc
Sets up strong gov’t = model for future kings

5. Charlemagne’s Empire

6. Pope Crowned Charlemagne Holy Roman Emperor: Dec. 25, 800
Christian Pope crowns King successor to Roman Emperor
Revives ideal of united Christian community
Widens split between E / W Christians
Power struggles in future- who’s in charge- king or pope? State or church?

7. The Rise of European Monarchies: England

8. Charlemagne’s Empire Collapses: Treaty of Verdun, 843

9. Feudalism
A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty and military service.

10. Carcassonne: A Medieval Castle
Lord= Landowner Fief= Land Knight= Mounted Warrior (owes lord)
Vassal= pledge loyalty to lord in return for landholdings
Chivalry= Knights code of conduct
Page= Young boy training to be knight (start at 7) Squire= Apprentice of knight

11. Parts of a Medieval Castle

12. The Road to Knighthood
KNIGHT
SQUIRE
PAGE

13. Chivalry: A Code of Honor and Behavior

14. The Medieval Manor

15. Life on the Medieval Manor
Manor = Estate
Serf= Peasant, bound to land
Slave= Peasant, property of lord
Peasant= Work for lord in exchange for protection, place to live, and food

16. The Medieval Catholic Church
filled the power vacuum left from the collapse of the classical world.
monasticism:
St. Benedict – Benedictine Rule of poverty, chastity, and obedience.
provided schools for the children of the upper class.
inns, hospitals, refuge in times of war.
libraries & scriptoria to copy books and illuminate manuscripts.
monks  missionaries to the barbarians. [St. Patrick, St. Boniface]

17. The Power of the Medieval Church
bishops and abbots played a large part in the feudal system.
the church controlled about 1/3 of the land in Western Europe.
tried to curb feudal warfare  only days a year for combat.
curb heresies  crusades; Inquisition
tithe  1/10 tax on your assets given to the church.

18. A Medieval Monk’s Day

19. A Medieval Monastery: The Scriptorium

20. Illuminated Manuscripts

21. William the Conqueror: Battle of Hastings, 1066 (Bayeaux Tapestry)
William “Duke of Normandy”- Brings knights from France and becomes King Of England

22. Evolution of England’s Political System
Henry I:
William’s son.
set up a court system.
Dept. of royal finances.
Henry II:
established the principle of common law throughout the kingdom.
grand jury.
trial by jury.

23. Magna Carta, 1215 “Great Charter” monarchs were not above the law.
King John I
“Great Charter”
monarchs were not above the law.
kings had to consult a council of advisors.
kings could not tax arbitrarily.
Legal rights of individuals protected

24. The Beginnings of the British Parliament
Great Council:
middle class merchants, townspeople [burgesses in Eng., bourgeoisie in Fr., burghers in Ger.] were added at the end of the 13c.
eventually called Parliament. (parler = “to talk”)- given power to tax (power over monarch)
by 1400, two chambers evolved:
House of Lords  nobles & clergy.
House of Commons  knights and burgesses.

25. The Rise of European Monarchies: France

26. Gothic Architectural Style
Pointed arches.
High, narrow vaults.
Thinner walls.
Flying buttresses.
Elaborate, ornate, airier interiors.
Stained-glass windows.
“Flying” Buttresses

27. Pope Urban II: Preaching a Crusade
1095 Calls on Europeans to join Christian crusade to recapture Palestine, Jerusalem from Muslims
200 years of religious wars ensue- Christians vs. Muslims
1099 Christians capture Jerusalem, massacre Jews, Muslims
Within 100 years, Muslims regain land- bloody religious war goes on
Leaves legacy of mistrust, hatred

28. Setting Out on Crusade

29. Christian Crusades: East and West

30. Medieval Universities
EDUCATION
Church and Gov’t need educated people
Political and economic conditions improving
Mostly wealthy sons go to university

31. Oxford University

32. Late Medieval Town Dwellings

33. Medieval Trade

34. Medieval Economy Improves
Commercial Revolution:
Merchants join together- pool funds= bigger business, more $ (corporations)
Insurance- owners look to protect shipments, investments
Banks hold money- doesn’t have to be carried on trade route

35. By the end of the Middle Ages
Centralized governments are leading to stronger nations
Trade is leading to increased economic opportunities, greater availability of goods, and the spread of technology
Religion has become a dominant force in everyday life
The struggle between secular and religious leaders for power has not been settled