Early Campaigns Objective: identify Patriot victories and defeats; analyze the British plan for victory.

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Early Campaigns Objective: identify Patriot victories and defeats; analyze the British plan for victory

Long Island, August – Britain sent 32,000 troops Washington commanded 20,000 troops British victory Nathan Hale – spied on British troops; caught and hanged by British Quote: “I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country.”

Patriots lacked supplies (shoes, socks, blankets, jackets) Washington retreats from New York (a Loyalist stronghold) British chase him from New Jersey into Pennsylvania

Trenton and Princeton Winter, 1776 – Washington camped across the Delaware River from British camp in New Jersey Christmas, 1776 – Washington and 2,400 troops cross the Delaware River and surprise the enemy at Trenton Marched to Princeton and scattered the British force

Importance of winter of Patriot cause near collapse; fewer than 5,000 soldiers Many completed their terms; others deserted Victories at Trenton and Princeton rekindle Continental Army’s fighting spirit

What was the British strategy in 1777? 3-pronged battle plan Burgoyne lead troops south from Canada St. Leger move east from Lake Ontario Howe move north up the Hudson Seize Albany, New York and gain control of the Hudson River and cut off New England from the Middle Colonies

Philadelphia September, 1777 – Howe’s troop capture the city Second Continental Congress forced to flee Howe decided to remain in city rather than going to Albany

Saratoga Benedict Arnold – his soldiers stop St. Leger at Fort Stanwix, New York Burgoyne also failed to reach Albany; needing supplies captured Fort Ticonderoga Burgoyne sent troops to Vermont Defeated their by Ethan Allen and Green Mountain Boys; Burgoyne retreats to Saratoga

General Horatio Gates surrounded Burgoyne’s army Oct., 1777 – Burgoyne surrenders Discussion question: Why did Howe’s Philadelphia victory lead to defeat at Saratoga?

Summary questions How did the Continental Army fare in the early battles of the war? What key factors led to the American victory at Saratoga? Activity suggestions: illustrate one of the battles; create a chart showing Patriot victories and defeats

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