1. The American Nation Section 1: Fighting Begins in the North Section 2: The Colonies Declare Independence Section 3: Struggles in the Middle States Section 4: Fighting for Liberty on Many Fronts Chapter 6: The American Revolution 1775–1783 Section 5: Winning the War in the South

2. Chapter 6, Section 3 Battles in New York and New Jersey Battle Battle of Long Island What Happened Americans were outnumbered and defeated. Results The British chased the Americans into Pennsylvania. Battle of Trenton On Christmas night, Washington led a surprise attack on Trenton. The Americans took a force of German soldiers prisoner. Battle of Princeton British General Charles Cornwallis set out to retake Trenton. Washington fooled him and slipped behind his troops to attack other British forces at Princeton. The victories at Trenton and Princeton gave Americans new hope.

3. Chapter 6, Section 3 Struggles in the Middle States What battles were fought in New York and New Jersey?

4. Chapter 6, Section 3 Saratoga—A Turning Point General John Burgoyne planned to defeat the Americans. Three British armies would march on Albany from different directions and crush American forces. General Howe was supposed to capture Philadelphia first, then march on Albany. Howe retired to Philadelphia instead. Two British armies marched toward Albany. Americans drove one of the British armies back at Fort Stanwix. Only one British army was left to march on Albany.

5. Chapter 6, Section 3 In the Battle of Saratoga, north of Albany, Americans defeated the British. Burgoyne was forced to surrender his entire army. The victory boosted American spirits and led France to become one of America’s allies—nations that work together to achieve a common goal.

6. Chapter 6, Section 3 Saratoga—A Turning Point Conflict between France and Britain increases after the French and Indian War France and Britain in conflict for many years Americans appeal to France for support during the Revolutionary War France gives American rebels money and supplies but stays neutral Americans defeat British at Saratoga Victory at Saratoga proves to France that Americans can win France gives military and naval support to American forces

7. Chapter 6, Section 3 Struggles in the Middle States How did the Battle of Saratoga mark a turning point in the war?

8. Chapter 6, Section 3 The War in the Middle States

9. Chapter 6, Section 3 Hardships at Valley Forge Conditions at Valley Forge were harsh: Mid-winter snow, mud, and slush Damp, drafty huts; frozen ground Soldiers poorly clothed; some did not have shoes or coats. Soldiers suffered from frostbite and disease Poor food

10. Chapter 6, Section 3 Struggles in the Middle States What hardships did the Continental Army suffer at Valley Forge?

11. Chapter 6, Section 3 Section 3 Assessment One reason the Patriots had to retreat often early in the war was that a) Washington had fewer troops than the British. b) the Patriot navy did most of the fighting. c) Nathan Hale gave away Patriot secrets. d) the war moved away from New England. The American victory at Saratoga was important because it a) tricked British General Howe away from Philadelphia. b) revealed the spy Nathan Hale. c) took by surprise a force of Germans fighting for England. d) convinced the French to be an ally of the United States.

12. Chapter 6, Section 3 Section 3 Assessment One reason the Patriots had to retreat often early in the war was that a) Washington had fewer troops than the British. b) the Patriot navy did most of the fighting. c) Nathan Hale gave away Patriot secrets. d) the war moved away from New England. The American victory at Saratoga was important because it a) tricked British General Howe away from Philadelphia. b) revealed the spy Nathan Hale. c) took by surprise a force of Germans fighting for England. d) convinced the French to be an ally of the United States.