End of World War II Allied Conferences, VE day, Nuremberg Trials, Cold War, and the creation of the UN

Victory In Europe Day After five years, eight months and six days The surrender took place in the headquarters of Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower For Germany it was signed by Col. Gen. Gustav Jodl. For the Supreme Allied Command it was signed by Lieut. Gen. Walter Bedell Smith. For the Soviet Union it was signed by Gen. Ivan Susloparoff For the French it was signed by Gen. Francois Sevez

Casablanca Conference Jan. 12-23, 1943 Roosevelt and Churchill met in Casablanca, Morocco (Stalin was invited but did not attend) Met to plan the future global military strategy for the Western Allies - decided to invade Sicily instead of immediately invading Western Europe - planned strategy in Pacific and far East - agreed on the concentrated bombing of Germany Demanded an “unconditional surrender” from Germany Italy, and Japan

Cairo Conferences November-December 1943 First Cairo Conference: - Churchill and FDR discussed plans for the Normandy Invasion - with Chinese Leader, Chiang Kai-shek, declared goal to give back the territories Japan had seized since 1914 (Korean Independence Second Cairo Conference: - FDR and Churchill tried to persuade Turkey to join the Allied powers - Roosevelt informed Churchill that he chose Dwight Eisenhower as supreme commander of the Normandy Invasion

Tehran Conference Nov. 28- Dec.1, 1943 FDR, Churchill, and Stalin discussed opening and second front in western Europe and an invasion of German-occupied France Stalin wanted to keep the frontiers from the German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact of 1939, the Russo-Finnish Treaty of 1940, and wanted the Baltic coast of East Prussia 3 Allied leaders unsure of what to do with Germany and a postwar international organization (UN) Soviet Union disagreed with western Allied support of the Polish government stationed in London Agreed to give Iran postwar independence and economic assistance for being partly occupied during the war.

Yalta Conference Feb. 4-11, 1945 FDR, Churchill and Stalin met at Yalta in the Crimea to plan the final defeat of Nazi Germany The dividing up of Germany The formation of the United Nations German war reparations The entry of Soviet forces into the Far-Eastern front (Japan) The final, and most difficult issue, the future of Poland

Potsdam Conference July 17-Aug 2, 1945 President Truman, Prime Minister Churchill (later Attlee) , Premier Stalin Germany was split up and control was given to many allied powers National Socialism and Nazi ideologies outlawed Germany disarmed and econ. Decentralized; development of agriculture encouraged Ultimatum to Japan Many disagreements and different interpretations of the Potsdam agreement; ultimately not a success

Victory In Europe Speeches General Jodl----"With this signature," he said in soft-spoken German, "the German people and armed forces are for better or worse delivered into the victors' hands. "In this war, which has lasted more than five years, both have achieved and suffered more than five years, both have achieved and suffered more than perhaps and other people in the world.“ 'God bless you all. This is your victory! It is the victory of the cause of freedom in every land. In all our long history we have never seen a greater day than this. Everyone, man or woman, has done their best. Everyone has tried. Neither the long years, nor the dangers, nor the fierce attacks of the enemy, have in any way weakened the independent resolve of the British nation. God bless you all.'

Nuremberg Trials Trials of Major German War Criminals Held in the Palace of Justice in Nuremberg Plead “Not Guilty” Evidence and Witnesses 11 of the 23 Nazi’s sentenced to death Goering commits suicide Oct 16th 1946 10 War Criminals are hanged Military Tribunal trials I, II, and III tried more suspected criminals

Nazi War Criminals Karl Doenitz German admiral commanded navy, Hitler’s successor. (Served 10-year-sentence  Died in 1981) Alfred Jodl Chief of Operations for the German High Command (Jodl hanged in Nuremberg) Wilhelm Keitel Chief of Staff of the German High Command (Keitel hanged in Nuremberg) Alfred Rosenberg Chief Nazi Philosopher and Reichminister (Rosenberg hanged in Nuremberg) Albert Speer Reichminister of Armaments and Munitions (served 20-year sentence He died in 1981 at age 76)

U.S. and Soviet Relations U.S. and Soviet government extremely different U.S. wanted free trade and freedom of the seas Soviets wanted to keep out Western influences Marshal Plan: US pays countries to keep them from Communism Yalta Conference: meeting of US, UK, and SU to discuss Europe postwar reorganization Roosevelt and Stalin argued over Poland, Axis’s reparations, and the demilitarization and denazification of Germany

Beginning the Cold War Cold War: conflict between Communist Soviet Union and democratic United States Used propaganda, economic war, diplomatic haggling and occasional military clashes Refused to trade with each other, Convinced other nations to take their side Regulations like Truman Doctrine (declared fight against Communism) and NATO (North American Treaty Organization-military alliance)