F OREIGN P OLICY I SSUES Chapter 2, Section 2

C ONFLICT IN THE O HIO V ALLEY After the Revolutionary War, the Treaty of Paris 1783 created new land borders for the United States. Hoping to stop the push of Americans westward, the British began arming Native American tribes in the Northwest Territory. Leaders such as Little Turtle of the Miami Indians used these weapons to suppress American forces. At the Battle of Fallen Timbers, Native Americans were forced to concede much of the Northwest Territory to the American government.

A MERICAN R ELATIONS WITH E UROPE The split between Federalists and Democratic-Republicans grew over the French Revolution. Democratic-Republicans saw the French as fellow supporters of republican ideals, and supported their efforts to overthrow the monarchy. However, when the French rebels waged war on all European monarchies, including Britain, the Federalists saw the Revolution as anarchy—and feared the same.

A MERICAN R ELATIONS IN E UROPE In 1793, the French Revolution was in full swing. However, both sides saw the necessity in the United States remaining neutral. What were the two reasons? The United States could not afford ($$$) to get involved in a war. 90% of U.S. revenue came from tariffs on goods imported from Britain. Once again, Washington set a precedent: the United States remained neutral in European affairs until WWI.

R ELATIONS WITH E UROPE In 1794, Washington sent Chief Justice John Jay to Britain to negotiate a compromise. What were the two stipulations of the Jay Treaty ? British would give up forts in the Northwest Territory US had to pay off all pre-war debts In order to gain access to the Mississippi River, the United States signed a treaty with Spain. What were the stipulations of Pinckney’s Treaty ? U.S. would gain access to the Mississippi and New Orleans The Spanish would get an established northern border to Florida.

P ARTIES D EBATE F OREIGN P OLICY In the election of 1796, John Adams faced off against Thomas Jefferson. The nation divided along regional lines. John Adams narrowly won. Who became his vice president? Thomas Jefferson Adams’ administration was seen as weak by many individuals, including Alexander Hamilton. His administration was tested early when the French felt betrayal over the Jay Treaty. In response, the French seized American merchant ships and Adams sent negotiators to Paris. In what became known as the XYZ Affair, French officials demanded $250,000 in bribes and humiliating terms for the U.S. This incident spurred anti-French sentiment and allowed Congress to pass taxes to raise revenue for army expansion.

P ARTIES D EBATE F OREIGN P OLICY This sentiment also allowed Congress to pass the Alien and Sedition Acts in The Alien Act allowed the federal government to deport immigrants who criticized the government. The Sedition Act made it a crime for citizens to publicly discredit the gov. How did each of these target Democratic- Republicans? - Immigrants were most likely to support Dem- Reps. - Dem-Reps citizens were more likely to be speaking out against the Federalist gov.

T HE P ARTIES D EBATE F OREIGN P OLICY In response to these Acts, two southern states, Virginia and Kentucky passed resolutions declaring the Sedition Act unconstitutional. This alluded to the idea that the states had the power to nullify federal laws. However, no other states adopted similar resolutions. The election of 1800 would determine the outcome of the nation.

T HE E LECTION OF 1800 Angered by his administration, Adams lost much of the Federalist support he had in the election of Thomas Jefferson ran for president and had intended for Aaron Burr to be the vice-president. What happened? They tied in electoral votes What role did Hamilton play in the electoral process? Hamilton preferred Jefferson to Burr so he persuaded more people to vote for Jefferson. The constitution added the 12 th amendment to prevent it from happening again. Angered by Hamilton’s decision, Burr killed him in a duel in 1804.