Chapter 11 & 12 test Review

DNA is copied during a process called replication. transcription. translation. transformation.

is located in the nucleus. is located in the ribosomes. In eukaryotes, DNA is located in the nucleus. is located in the ribosomes. floats freely in the cytoplasm. is circular.

What happens during the process of translation? Messenger RNA is made from DNA. The cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins. Transfer RNA is made from messenger RNA. Copies of DNA molecules are made.

RNA contains the sugar ribose. glucose. deoxyribose. lactose.

What is produced during transcription? RNA molecules RNA polymerase DNA molecules proteins

What does this show?

Which RNA molecule carries amino acids? messenger RNA ribosomal RNA transfer RNA RNA polymerase

What are Mendel’s factors called today? Alleles Genes traits characters

Genes contain instructions for assembling purines. proteins. nucleosomes. pyrimidines.

A mutation that involves a single nucleotide is called a(an) chromosomal mutation. point mutation. inversion. translocation.

The principle of dominance states that all alleles are dominant. all alleles are recessive. some alleles are dominant and others are recessive. alleles are neither dominant nor recessive.

Two plants with the genotypes TT and Tt would have the same phenotype. have all dominant alleles. would have different phenotypes. have all recessive alleles.

principle of dominance principle of independent assortment What principle states that during gamete formation genes for different traits separate without influencing each other’s inheritance? principle of dominance principle of independent assortment principle of probabilities principle of segregation

hybrid. Heterozygous. homozygous. dominant. Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait are said to be hybrid. Heterozygous. homozygous. dominant.

assort independently. are linked. have the same alleles. The Punnett square in Figure 11-5 shows that the gene for pea shape and the gene for pea color RY Ry rY ry RRYY RRYy RrYY RrYy Seed Shape R = Round r = Wrinkled RRyy Rryy Seed Color Y = Yellow y = Green rrYY rrYy rryy RrYy assort independently. are linked. have the same alleles. are always homozygous.

The number of chromosomes in a gamete is represented by the symbol X. Y.

multiple alleles. codominant alleles. incomplete dominance. Situations in which one allele for a gene is not completely dominant over another allele for that gene are called multiple alleles. codominant alleles. incomplete dominance. multiple genes.

Gametes are produced by the process of mitosis. crossing-over. meiosis. replication.

Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of diploid cells. 2N daughter cells. haploid cells. body cells.

crossing-over anaphase I of meiosis incomplete dominance What is shown in Figure? independent assortment crossing-over anaphase I of meiosis incomplete dominance

polygenic. haploid. Codominant. diploid. Traits that are produced by the interaction of several genes are said to be polygenic. haploid. Codominant. diploid.

Which type of RNA functions as a blueprint of the genetic code? rRNA mRNA tRNA RNA polymerase

make up the parental generation. make up the F2 generation. Offspring that result from crosses between true-breeding parents with different traits are true-breeding. make up the parental generation. make up the F2 generation. are called hybrids.

Mendel’s principles of genetics apply to plants only. pea plants only. animals only. all organisms.

In the P generation, a tall plant was crossed with a short plant In the P generation, a tall plant was crossed with a short plant. Short plants reappeared in the F2 generation because some of the F2 plants produced gametes that carried the allele for shortness. the allele for shortness is dominant. the allele for shortness and the allele for tallness segregated when the F1 plants produced gametes. they inherited an allele for shortness from one parent and an allele for tallness from the other parent.

Punnett square shows all of the following EXCEPT all possible results of a genetic cross. the genotypes of the offspring. the alleles in the gametes of each parent. the actual results of a genetic cross.

If an organism’s diploid number is 12, its haploid number is 12. 24. 6. 3.

During transcription, an RNA molecule is formed that is complementary to both strands of DNA. that is complementary to neither strand of DNA. that is double-stranded. inside the nucleus.

Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of two genetically identical diploid cells. four genetically different haploid cells. four genetically identical haploid cells. two genetically different diploid cells.

Which of the following is a nucleotide found in DNA? ribose + phosphate group + thymine ribose + phosphate group + uracil deoxyribose + phosphate group + uracil deoxyribose + phosphate group + cytosine

During mitosis, the DNA molecules unwind. histones and DNA molecules separate. DNA molecules become more tightly coiled. nucleosomes become less tightly packed.

DNA replication results in two DNA molecules, each with two new strands. one with two new strands and the other with two original strands. each with one new strand and one original strand. each with two original strands.

Which type(s) of RNA is(are) involved in protein synthesis? transfer RNA only messenger RNA only ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA only messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA

Which of the following is NOT a gene mutation? Inversion Deletion Insertion substitution

Unlike DNA, RNA contains adenine. phosphate groups. uracil. thymine.

Good Luck and Study Hard!!!