1. RNA & Protein Synthesis
Chapter 13
RNA & Protein Synthesis

2. 13.2 Ribosomes & Protein Synthesis 13.4 Gene Regulation & Expression
13.1 The Role of RNA
13.2 Ribosomes & Protein Synthesis
13.3 Mutations
13.4 Gene Regulation & Expression
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3. 1. RNA contains the sugar
A ribose. B deoxyribose. C glucose. D lactose.

4. A ribose.

5. 2. Unlike DNA, RNA contains
A adenine. B uracil. C phosphate groups. D thymine.

6. B uracil.

7. 3. Which of the following are found in both DNA and RNA?
A ribose, phosphate groups, and adenine B deoxyribose, phosphate groups, and guanine C phosphate groups, guanine, and cytosine D phosphate groups, guanine, and thymine

8. C phosphate groups, guanine, and cytosine

9. 4. Which nucleotide in Figure 13–1 indicates the nucleic acid above is RNA?
A uracil B guanine C cytosine D adenine
Figure 13–1

10. A uracil

11. 5. Which of the following is true?
A RNA is usually single-stranded. B DNA is usually single-stranded. C DNA contains uracil. D RNA contains thymine.

12. A RNA is usually single-stranded.

13. 6. Which type of RNA brings the information in the genetic code from the nucleus to other parts of the cell?
A rRNA B tRNA C mRNA D RNA polymerase

14. C mRNA

15. 7. How many main types of RNA are there?
A 1 B 3 C hundreds D thousands

16. B 3

17. 8. Which of the following statements is true of eukaryotic DNA?
A A promoter is part of an intron. B An intron is part of a promoter. C Introns are sequences of DNA. D Exons are edited out of pre-mRNA.

18. C Introns are sequences of DNA.

19. 9. Which molecules are involved in protein synthesis?
A transfer RNA, introns, and mutagens B messenger RNA, introns, and ribosomal RNA C ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA, and mutagens D messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA

20. D messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA

21. 10. From which molecules are mRNA molecules transcribed?
A tRNA B rRNA C DNA D proteins

22. C DNA

23. 11. What is produced during transcription?
A RNA molecules B DNA molecules C RNA polymerase D proteins

24. A RNA molecules

25. 12. During eukaryotic transcription, an RNA molecule is formed that is
A complementary to both strands of DNA. B identical to an entire single strand of DNA. C double-stranded and inside the nucleus. D complementary to part of one strand of DNA .

26. D complementary to part of one strand of DNA .

27. 13. What does Figure 13–2 show?
A anticodons B exons C introns D the genetic code
Figure 13–2

28. D the genetic code

29. 14. How many nucleotides are needed to specify three amino acids?
A 3 B 6 C 9 D 12

30. C 9

31. 15. There are 64 codons and 20 amino acids
15. There are 64 codons and 20 amino acids. Which of the following is true?
A Several different codons can specify the same amino acid. B Each codon specifies a different amino acid. C Some amino acids have no link to a codon. D Each amino acid is specified by only one codon.

32. A Several different codons can specify the same amino acid.

33. 16. In Figure 13–3, which amino acid is specified by the mRNA code CCC?
A Gly B Lys C Ala D Pro
Figure 13–3

34. D Pro

35. 17. According to Figure 13–3, which code specifies the same amino acid as UAU?
A UAC B UAA C UGC D UGU
Figure 13–3

36. A UAC

37. 18. A promoter is a
A binding site for DNA polymerase. B binding site for RNA polymerase. C start signal for replication. D stop signal for transcription.

38. B binding site for RNA polymerase.

39. 19. What happens during translation?
A Messenger RNA is made from a DNA code. B The cell uses a messenger RNA code to make proteins. C Transfer RNA is made from a messenger RNA code. D Copies of DNA molecules are made.

40. B The cell uses a messenger RNA code to make proteins.

41. 20. Which of the following terms is LEAST closely related to the others?
A spindle fiber B tRNA C polypeptide D anticodon

42. A spindle fiber

43. 21. During translation, the type of amino acid that is added to the growing polypeptide depends on the
A codon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the rRNA. B anticodon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the tRNA. C anticodon on the rRNA and the codon on the mRNA. D codon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the tRNA.

44. D codon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the tRNA.

45. 22. A protein is being assembled when
A DNA is being translated. B RNA is being transcribed. C RNA is being translated. D DNA is being transcribed.

46. C RNA is being translated.

47. 23. Genes contain instructions for assembling
A operons. B nucleosomes. C proteins. D mutagens.

48. C proteins.

49. 24. Which is the correct sequence of the transfer of information in most organisms?
A protein to DNA to RNA B RNA to DNA to protein C DNA to RNA to protein D RNA to protein to DNA

50. C DNA to RNA to protein

51. 25. What is an exception to the central dogma of molecular biology?
A Viruses sometimes transfer information from RNA to DNA. B Viruses sometimes transfer information from DNA to RNA. C Viruses sometimes transfer information from proteins to DNA. D Viruses can translate without RNA.

52. A Viruses sometimes transfer information from RNA to DNA.

53. 26. The genetic code is always read
A 3 bases at a time in the same direction. B 4 bases at a time in the same direction. C 3 bases at a time and the direction varies. D 4 bases at a time and the direction varies.

54. A 3 bases at a time in the same direction.

55. 27. In eukaryotes
A Transcription takes place in the cytoplasm, and translation takes place in the nucleus. B Transcription takes place in the nucleus, and translation takes place in the cytoplasm. C Transcription and translation both take place in the nucleus. D Transcription and translation both take place in the cytoplasm.

56. B Transcription takes place in the nucleus, and translation takes place in the cytoplasm.

57. 28. A mutation that involves one or a few nucleotides is called
A a mutagen. B an inversion. C a point mutation. D a translocation.

58. C a point mutation.

59. 29. Which of the following is a chromosomal mutation?
inversion B
insertion C
point mutation D
substitution

60. A inversion

61. 30. Which of the following is the name of a type of chromosomal mutation AND a type of gene mutation?
A substitution B insertion C deletion D inversion

62. C deletion

63. 31. When a chromosome undergoes a deletion mutation, information is
repeated. B
lost. C
reversed. D
transferred.

64. B lost.

65. 32. Most mutations
A have no effect on an organism. B are fatal to an organism. C are helpful to an organism. D are harmful to an organism.

66. A have no effect on an organism.

67. 33. What are some characteristics of polyploidy plants?
A They tend to be weaker and smaller than diploid plants. B They tend to be bigger and stronger than diploid plants. C They tend to be weaker, but bigger than diploid plants. D They tend to be smaller, but stronger than diploid plants.

68. B They tend to be bigger and stronger than diploid plants.

69. 34. Which of the following statements is true about gene regulation in prokaryotes?
A Promoters determine whether a gene is expressed. B Expressed genes make more DNA. C DNA-binding proteins determine whether a gene is expressed. D RNA polymerase regulates gene expression.

70. C DNA-binding proteins determine whether a gene is expressed.

71. 35. In E. coli, the lac operon controls the
A breakdown of lactose. B production of lactose. C breakdown of glucose. D production of glucose.

72. A breakdown of lactose.

73. 36. A lac repressor turns OFF the lac genes by
A binding to the promoter. B DNA polymerase. C binding to the operator. D binding to the lac genes.

74. C binding to the operator.

75. 37. When E. coli is grown on glucose, and there is no lactose available
A lactose molecules bind to the lac repressor. B the lac repressor binds to the operator of the lac operon. C RNA polymerase binds to the promoter of the lac operon. D the lac genes are transcribed into messenger RNA.

76. B the lac repressor binds to the operator of the lac operon.

77. 38. Which is involved with the regulation of eukaryotic genes?
A operon B DNA polymerase C TATA box D operator

78. C TATA box

79. 39. Which of the following is part of only prokaryotic genes?
A operon B TATA box C promoter sequences D enhancer sequences

80. A operon

81. 40. Gene regulation in eukaryotes
A usually involves operons. B is simpler than in prokaryotes. C allows for cell specialization. D includes the action of an operator region.

82. C allows for cell specialization.

83. 41. Specialized cells regulate the expression of genes because they
A do not want the genes to become worn out. B cannot control the translation of proteins. C do not carry the complete genetic code in their nuclei. D do not need the proteins that are specified by certain genes.

84. D do not need the proteins that are specified by certain genes.

85. 42. What regulates the expression of most eukaryotic genes?
A miRNA B transcription factors C dicer enzymes D silencing complexes

86. B transcription factors

87. 43. Hox genes determine an animal’s
A body plan. B size. C skin color. D eye color.

88. A body plan.

89. 44. Hox genes
A determine when bacteria replicate their chromosome. B determine where the flagellum is on a bacterium. C determine when a dog’s cells replicate their DNA D determine the location of a dog’s ears.

90. D determine the location of a dog’s ears.

91. 45. The basic body structure of the fly in Figure 13–4 is determined by a cluster of
A repressor genes. B Hox genes. C polypeptides. D frameshift mutations.
Figure 13–4

92. B Hox genes.