Plant Biotechnology Plant Transgenesis Willie Parriman

What is Plant transgenesis? Plant transgenesis the transfer of genes to a plant directly. This enables us to create different kinds of plants that we aren't able to produce with regular hybridization ways.

Methods Cloning Protoplast Fusion Leaf Fragment Technique Gene Guns Chloroplast Engineering Antisense Technology

Cloning Many different types of plants can regenerate from a single cell Plant cloning is a way easier process then animal cloning This is a natural ability for a plant so it makes them ideal Researchers can see the genetic modification in a very short time after a new plant matures fast.

Protoplast Fusion Callus-mass of cells will grow on an injured plant Cell wall is dissolved with cellulase an enzyme leaving behind a protoplast which is fused to another species

Leaf Fragment Technique Small disks are cut from a leaf Cultured in genetically modified Agrobacter Agrobacter-soil bacterium Growth hormones added which are nurse cells

Gene gun A force of Helium drives the particles to acceleration DNA coated particles are shot through the cell wall Biolistic Process-A cross between biology and ballistics

Chloroplast Engineering DNA in the chloroplast accepts many new introduced genes at one time No chance that the genes will be blown off to other crops

Antisense Technology Keeps plants such as tomato plants ripe up to weeks Using Agrobacter researchers inactivated the process of decay and made it slow way down.

Benefits Vaccines for plants Genetically modified Pesticides Stops virus Genetically modified Pesticides Defense against insects Safe storage of food avidin-a protein found in egg whites-from transgenic corn Herbicide resistant crops Resistant to glyphosate a common herbicide Stronger fibers Classic breeding-1.5% Up to 60 % stronger Enhanced Nutriton Golden rice-contains beta carotene-body converts to vitamin A

Disadvantages Human Health Environmental concerns People against genetically manipulating these plants Could kill of insects or animals that eat the plants such as butterflies from corn “Super weeds”

conclusion Definition Methods Benefits Disadvantages

Questions Concerning human health do you think we have to worry about the genetic manipulation of food? -ex. Soybean contained genes from the brazil nut that people have allergic reaction to Even though this technology can cut back on the use of chemicals on crops do you think it will cause problems for the environment? -ex. “super weeds” could breed from different crossing of genes

Bibliography http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/pubs/press/1999/genegun.html http://www.escience.ws/b572/L20/L20.htm Introduction to biotechnology. Thieman J., William and Palladino A., Michael. http://micro.sci.ku.ac.th/personnel/STL/haloyst/img008.JPG /