1. Biotechnology

2. What Is Biotechnology?
Any technique that uses living organisms or substances from those organisms to make or modify a product, to improve plants or animals, or to develop new microorganisms for specific uses

3. What Is Biotechnology?
Manipulation of genes is called genetic engineering or recombinant DNA technology
Genetic engineering involves taking one or more genes from a location in one organism and either
Transferring them to another organism
Putting them back into the original organism in different combinations

4. Examples GMO- genetically modified organisms.
GEO- genetically enhanced organisms.
With both, the natural genetic material of the organism has been altered.

11. What Are the Benefits of Biotechnology?
Medicine
Human
Veterinary
Biopharming (pharmaceuticals)
Environment
Agriculture
Food products

14. What are the harms of Biotechnology?

20. How Do We Create GMO’s?
Recombinant DNA Technology

21. Recombinant DNA Technology
Extract DNA from donor
Cut DNA into fragments
Sort DNA fragments
Recombine DNA fragments
Transfer plasmids with bonded DNA
Grow transformed (recipient) cells

22. Why Are Plants Genetically Engineered?
Resist pests
Resist herbicides
Improved food product quality
Pharmaceuticals

23. Other examples
Genetically engineering chickens so they have no feathers – why?
Genetically engineering mice so they have no fur – why?
Glowing mice – why?

24. How Did They Do That?
The jellyfish has a gene that makes a glowing protein. This makes the jellyfish glow in some types of light.
The glowing gene is taken from a jellyfish cell and spliced (inserted) into an empty virus cell (with no bad virus in it)
The genetically engineered virus attaches itself to the fertilized mouse egg cell.
The virus delivers the glowing gene into the egg cell nucleus, where it joins the mouse DNA.
Jellyfish cell
Virus
Virus inserting their DNA into a cell
Mouse cell

25. This is only the beginning . . . !
What Else?
Using the jellyfish protein to make a naturally glowing Christmas tree!
Genetically engineered moths that pass on deadly disease genes to their relatives so they die and won’t be able to destroy crops!
A gene from a spider has been inserted into some goats. Their milk now contains tiny strands of spider silk which can be made into a strong, stretchy rope.
Adding a gene from insect killing bacteria to cotton so that insects who eat cotton will be poisoned!
This is only the beginning !

26. Can We End World Hunger? Malnutrition and vitamin deficiencies?
Golden rice is genetically modified rice that now contains a large amount of A-vitamins. Or more correctly, the rice contains the element beta-carotene which is converted in the body into Vitamin-A. So when you eat golden rice, you get more vitamin A.
Golden rice
Beta-carotene gives carrots their orange color and is the reason why genetically modified rice is golden. For the golden rice to make beta-carotene three new genes are implanted: two from daffodils and the third from a bacterium
Advantages:
The rice can be considered a particular advantage to poor people in underdeveloped countries. They eat only an extremely limited diet lacking in the essential bodily vitamins. The consequences of this restricted diet causes many people to die or become blind. This is particularly true in areas of Asia, where most of the population live on rice from morning to evening.
Are there any disadvantages?

27. Cloning
Cloning- new organism that has been produced asexually from a single parent
Genotype is identical to parent
Cells or tissues are cultured

28. Cloning