Do Now: What in the world happened to Lindsay Lohan?

Eclectic NeurobiologicalBehavioralPsychoanalytical Humanistic CognitiveSociocultural

What is the Neurobiological Approach? Approaching psychological disorders Issues from medical perspective Chemical Imbalances, Lack of or misfiring of brain chemicals/impulses- Disorders treated well with meds: Schizophrenia Bipolar Disorder Depression A.D.D. Anxiety

What is the Behavioral Approach? Belief that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning. Behavior Rewarded: (Positive Reinforcement) Removal of negative stimulus (Negative Reinforcement) Desired Behavior continues Behavior Ignored: (Extinction) Introduction of negative stimulus or removal of desired stimulus) (Punishment) Undesirable Behavior stops

Positive reinforcement: Increases behavior Praise and rewards to repeat behavior Good dog – sit…you will get another doggie biscuit treat I will sit all the time now so you will give me a treat, although I’d prefer bacon.

Negative reinforcement: increases behavior by removing unpleasant stimulus Example: Mom nags Billy to take out the trash everyday. Mom decides to stop nagging and asks nicely Billy starts taking out the trash regular ly

Suzy throws a tantrum when she has to take a nap. Her Mom tries to calm her down and gives her a lot of attention. One day she decides to ignore Suzy’s tantrum and just puts her in her bed, returning her every time she gets out – but does not make eye contact or talk to Suzy. Eventually Suzy stops her tantrums because she isn’t getting any attention. (Time Out’s are extinction) Extinction: decreases behavior. You are taking something away so that a response is decreased.

Punishment: decreases behavior by adding a negative stimulus Punishment is the decreasing of a behavior by introducing an unpleasant stimulus or removal of a desired stimulus.

Positive Reinforcement

You are in the grocery store and your future child decides to throw themselves on the floor screaming and kicking. What do you do? What would’ve your parent’s done if you did this?

What is Eclecticism? Process of borrowing from two or more approaches Some approaches fit one situation, but not another Some theories contradict each other Most psychologists lean toward one approach, but often borrow from other theories Eclecticism

What is the Psychoanalytical Approach? All psychological issues are based on repression of childhood conflict (Freud focused on sex and aggression as major drives) Levels of thoughts, perceptions, memory below our level of awareness without our conscious control. - “Talking Cure” – patient will reveal the problem to themselves by questioning and reflecting. All psychological issues are based on repression of childhood conflict (Freud focused on sex and aggression as major drives) Levels of thoughts, perceptions, memory below our level of awareness without our conscious control. - “Talking Cure” – patient will reveal the problem to themselves by questioning and reflecting.

Views people as basically good Carl Rogers: believed in unconditional regard all people were worthwhile Internal potential was more powerful than outside influences. With ideal conditions, all humans were perfect seeds that could bloom perfectly What is the Humanistic Approach?

Behavior: influenced by the rules & expectations of specific social groups of cultures. Motivation, interaction with others, family, goal setting, and other goals are all impacted by your environment. What is Sociocultural Theory

What is Cognitive Theory? How thought processes influence how we understand and interact with the world. Behavior viewed as product of various internal sentences or thoughts Using our internal self discussions to turn around negative behavior or fears can find solutions to heal ourselves through practice. So when you are about to take a drink because you’re stressed – repeat H.A.L.T. - Hungry, Angry, Lonely, Tired.

Example: How would each approach look at Alcoholism? Summary

Why do Alcoholics drink? NeurobiologicalBehavior viewed in terms of biological responses Is alcoholism a disease? Is it genetic? How does long-term use affect the brain? BehaviorismBehavior viewed as a product of learned responses Is alcoholism learned? Can behavior modification help? Can new habits replace it? PsychoanalysisBehavior viewed as a reflection of unconscious aggressive and sexual impulses Is drinking an indication of unconscious conflict? Does it release inhibitions, allowing repressed desires to surface?

HumanismBehavior viewed as a reflection of internal growth Do you drink because you don’t have sense worth? Does it provide false self esteem? CognitiveBehavior viewed as product of various internal sentences or thoughts What thoughts lead to drinking? Can we change patterns by analyzing thoughts? SocioculturalBehavior viewed as influenced by social groups of cultures Does alcoholism differ among cultures? Does society place pressure?

Are you ready for your first patient?

Please help John! John is 40 years old and still lives with his mother. He has never been married but has a good job as an engineer. His life seems to be going well, until one day a month ago when his boss yelled at him for not doing something right. During the last month, John has been worried and depressed because he is starting to forget things. He told his mother – who then told Ethel the neighbor, and now everybody in the neighborhood knows. Some things John has done over the last month are: -Forgot to turn in some plans for work when they were due -Forgot his mother’s birthday for the first time and hurt her feelings -Met a woman he really liked the day after he got yelled at by his boss, then set up a date and then forgot he was going to be out of town that day, so had to cancel the date. John has come to your group for help. You have to come up with possible causes for his behavior from each category of Psychology you have learned about.

John is 40 years old and still lives with his mother. He has never been married but has a good job as an engineer. His life seems to be going well, until one day a month ago when his boss yelled at him for not doing something right. During the last month, John has been worried and depressed because he is starting to forget things. He told his mother – who then told Ethel the neighbor, and now everybody in the neighborhood knows. Some things John has done over the last month are: -Forgot to turn in some plans for work when they were due -Forgot his mother’s birthday for the first time and hurt her feelings -Met a woman he really liked the day after he got yelled at by his boss, then set up a date and then forgot he was going to be out of town that day, so had to cancel the date. You can make up any back story for John Try to look at his problems from each perspective for a CAUSE and also for a SOLUTION.

Wrap Up What is Neurobiological Perspective? What is Cognitive Method? What is Behaviorism? What is Psychoanalytic Theory? What is Humanism? What is Eclecticism?