What new type of building allowed for greater population density in the late 1800s? The skyscraper (e.g. Flatiron Building)

What new transportation method fueled the growth of suburbs in the late 1800s ? Electric trolley cars and commuter RR lines

What allowed for development of parks, efficient transportation, and more even distribution of population and services? city planning

What two developments fueled the growth of the modern press? New printing techniques (hiugh speed presses) and the revolution in Photography (Eastman's flexible film)

Between 1865 & 1895, what did most states begin requiring for children between the ages of 8- 14? weeks of school annually

Why were these early schools criticized? Use of rote memorization and uneven quality of teachers

What type of education grew as business demanded greater technical and managerial expertise? High schools

How much access did Blacks and recent immigrants have to public education? Very little for blacks (segregation), plenty for immigrants (Americanization)

What happened to college enrollment between ? It quadrupled

What two approaches were taken by Washington and DuBois to try and provide higher education for Blacks? Washington: Tuskegee Institute to try and build economic prosperity, DuBois: Niagara Movement pushing Blacks toward liberal arts degrees

Name two methods used to keep Blacks from voting in the South between Poll taxes, literacy tests, and grandfather clauses

What Supreme Court case established the doctrine of “separate but equal” legal segregation? Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

How did Southern whites often respond when Blacks refused to follow the racial norms? Violence, especially lynching

What group provided a great deal of the difficult manual labor in the Southwest? How were they treated? Immigrants from Mexico, paid less – sometimes wound up in debt peonage

What group was often segregated and restricted on the west coast? Chinese Immigrants (Chinese Exclusion Act)

What economic development allowed for the development of leisure activities in the U.S.? The growth of the middle class, and the eight hour day

Name two types of new leisure activities. Spectator sports, amusement parks, sports like bicycling and tennis

What quickly became one of America’s most popular spectator sports in the late 1800s? Baseball

How did Hearst and Pulitzer contribute to the growth of mass culture in the late 1800s? Building huge networks of major daily newspapers

Identify three new ways of selling goods that emerged in the late 1800s. Shopping centers, department stores, chain stores, modern advertising, catalog sales (and RFD)