Unit 6

Sociology Is the study of people’s behavior in groups (founded by August Comte- French mathematician and thinker)

Why do people live in groups? Many of an individual’s needs are satisfied through relationships with other people. People join groups to: -Satisfy their needs and wants. - Get things done

Types of Groups Primary- close relati0nship over a long period of time (family and close friends) Secondary- form for a specific purpose- less loving, get things done. (friendship can develop from this group- work is an example)

Groups continued Community- group of people who live together and work for a common goal (neighborhood) Society- largest group made up of many Primary, Secondary and Community groups. (USA) Note: an individual learns most of his behavior through interaction with others

Key terms Role- behavior a person is supposed to have in a particular group or society Social Stratification- way a society ranks its members Status- position a person holds in a group Ascribed- granted Achieved- earned Prestige- respect for the position Esteem- respect earned for a person through their work

Socialization Process of learning society’s rules Norms- Standards of behavior a society approves of. Folkways- customs or norms of politeness Mores- norms that carry out moral judgment against a person. Laws- formal rules enforced by a government of a society

Sanctions Rewards or punishments Ways groups interact with members -Give responsibility Take away - Praise Scold - Affection Physical Punishment - Giving privileges Take away - Protection Remove from group

Institutions An individual must give up some of his or her freedom in order to satisfy his or her needs. Institutions help people obtain their most important needs

Institution of Family Nuclear Family- parents and children Extended Family- 3 or 4 generations living together One parent – single, divorced, widow (er) raising children Blended- two different families come together for different reasons

Marriage Patterns Monogamy- one spouse at a time Polygamy- more than one wife at a time (illegal in US) Polyandry- more than one husband at a time (illegal in US)

Authority Patterns Matriarchal- mother authority Patriarchal- father authority Dem0cratic- shared authority

Changes in the American Family From: Large to small Rural to urban to suburban Stable to mobile Producer to consumer Family centered to individual centered Changing roles of women

Institution of Education Education should prepare children to enter the adult world and help them grow, develop and survive. It does this by: -Passing on the roles from one generation to the next -How to adapt and survive in the environment (Society) -Teach us the ideas of the past

Institution of Religion Meets the needs to worship and understand the meaning of life.

Institution of Government Makes and enforces laws to keep society running smoothly (protects the norms) - Protection- provides security - Passes norms from one generation to the next by protecting the norms - Acts as representatives when dealing with foreign governments Territoriality-protecting one’s own space

Institution of Economics Allows us to specialize in our world, how we make a living. Industry/business- where we work Labor- workers

Value Belief in the goodness or badness of someone or something.