W E L C O M E

A U G M E N T E D R E A L I T Y A SEMINAR BY JEFFREY J M EC7A ROLL NO:

AUGMENTED REALITY-INTRODUCTION  Augmented reality adds graphics, sounds, haptics and smell to the natural world as it exists  Refers to computer displays that add virtual information to a user's sensory perceptions.  focuses on see-through devices, usually worn on the head superimposes graphics over a real world environment in real time.

A R : O V E R V I E W  field of computer research which deals with the combination of real world and computer generated data  refers to computer displays that add virtual information to a user's sensory perceptions.  method for visual improvement or enrichment of the surrounding environment  introduced as the opposite of virtual reality  adds virtual computer-generated objects, audio and other sense enhancements

Goals of AR To enhance a person’s performance and perception of the world ULTIMATE GOAL?? Create a system such that no user CANNOT tell the difference between the real world and the virtual augmentation of it.

P R O P E R T I E S Combines real and virtual objects in a real environment Runs interactively, and in real time Registers (aligns) real and virtual objects with each other.

 1960-used a see-through HMD  1997-Azuma published a survey  late 1990s-international Workshop and Symposium on Augmented Reality  Mixed Reality Systems Lab in Japan and the Arvika consortium in Germany H I S T O R Y

Augmented Reality vs. Virtual Reality Augmented Reality System augments the real world scene User maintains a sense of presence in real world Needs a mechanism to combine virtual and real worlds Virtual Reality: Totally immersive environment Visual senses are under control of system (sometimes aural and proprioceptive senses too)

Miligram’s Reality-Virtuality Continuum Miligram coined the term “Augmented Virtuality” to identify systems which are mostly synthetic with some real world imagery added such as texture mapping video onto virtual objects.

D I S P L A Y S for viewing the merged virtual and real environments  Head-worn displays (HWD)  mount this type of display on their heads  forms images directly on the retina.  Two types of HWDs exist: optical see-through and video see-through.

 Handheld displays.  use handheld, flat-panel LCD displays  acts as a window or a magnifying glass  Projection displays.  desired virtual information is projected directly on the physical objects  can cover large irregular surfaces using an automated calibration procedure

What Makes AR Work? main components of system  backpack computer  differential GPS system  head-worn display interface  radio communication

This is how AR works. Pick A Real World Scene Add your Virtual Objects in it. Delete Real World Objects Not Virtual Reality since Environment Real

Medical Surgeon X-ray vision: Minimally- invasive brain surgery Manufacturing & Repair VR HUDset used in the wire shop to connect the wires by showing an image of the circuit and information about type of wire to be used Augmented view of River Wear in Sunderland, Newcastle (U.K.) with a planned footbridge Applications:

Annotation Engine model part labels appear as user points at them Virtual lines help display geometry of shuttle bay as seen in orbit Robot path planning Virtual lines show planned motion of a robot arm

Entertainment Screenshot from the movie“Who Framed Roger Rabbit?” blending the real character and background with computer generated cartoon characters Aircraft Head Up Guidance System (HGS) Boeing 737 cockpit with Head-up Display (HUD)

Entertainment: Virtual actors

P e r f o r m a n c e I s s u e s Augmented Reality systems are expected: To run in real-time so that the user can move around freely in the environment Show a properly rendered augmented image Therefore, two performance criteria are placed on the system: Update rate for generating the augmenting image Accuracy of the registration of the real and virtual image

Limitations for Updating the Generated Images Must be at 10 times/second More photorealistic graphics rendering Current technology does not support fully lit, shaded and ray-traced images of complex scenes

Failures in Registration Failures in registration due to: – Noise Position and pose of camera with respect to the real scene Fluctuations of values while the system is running – Time delays In calculating the camera position In calculating the correct alignment of the graphics camera

Conclusion  AR is a relatively new field (since 1993) and is far behind VR in maturity.  Several vendors sell complete, turnkey VR systems.  No commercial vendor currently (??) sells an HMD-based AR system.  First deployed HMD-based AR system will probably be in the application of aircraft manufacturing (Boeing is currently exploring this technology extensively).  A breakthrough is required in real-time HMD tracking in the outdoors at the accuracy required by AR for this technology to move ahead rapidly.  AR has a great future as it promises better navigation and interaction with real and virtual world in ways which has previously been unimaginable.

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