Early Inventions of the First Industrial Revolution

Flying Shuttle

Flying Shuttle

The Old Method – the Spinning Wheel

The New Method – The Spinning “Jenny”

The Power Loom

The Steam Engine

The Earliest Locomotive

Industrial Revolution Transportation

Transportation John MacAdam Roads were improved through the Macadam surfacing

Transportation -- Canals

Transportation -- Railroads Richard Trevithick George Stephenson

Transportation – The Effects of Expansion of Railroads 1. cheap transportation for manufactured goods 2. jobs 3. transport for perishable goods 4. travel became a common experience

Industrial Revolution Working and Living Conditions

Working and Living Conditions 1. The population went from rural to predominantly urban. 2. The urban environment . . . full of filth lacked sanitation unhealthy and dangerous conditions

Working and Living Conditions People received wages rather than grow crops Life was scheduled by the factory, not the seasons Work was monotonous and dangerous

Working and Living Conditions Child labor (as young as seven) was common

Working and Living Conditions The average life span among factory and mine workers declined – to 17

Economic Results The Middle Class grew But The difference between the wealthy and the poor increased and caused great tensions

Responses to the Industrial Revolution

Responses to the Industrial Revolution Socialism: the belief that productive resources should be owned and controlled by the society as a whole. There should be no personal property

Responses to the Industrial Revolution Karl Marx – The Communist Manifesto Proposed “Scientific Socialism” (Marxism) Claimed that factory owners (bourgeoisie) were stealing from the working class (proletariat)

Responses to the Industrial Revolution Karl Marx – Eventually the proletariat would violently overthrow the bourgeoisie A socialist society would be established where all profit would be shared equally

Responses to the Industrial Revolution Utopian Socialism Ex: Robert Owen Built a factory community with schools, decent homes (New Lanark) Shared profits with workers

Responses to the Industrial Revolution Labor Unions organizations of workers who seek to gain better wages and better conditions Through the use of strikes At first they were seen by government as an interference to business and put down violently Eventually they were crucial in improving the lives of workers