Tuberculosis ● M. Tuberculosis and M. Bovis are the pathogens responsible for Tuberculosis. It is a disease that is first presented in the lungs as the pathogens are breathed in. The body normally will destroy the infection the first time its presented this is called the primary infection. It can then attack again later in life when the persons immune system is weaker. The disease will kill the cells and then spread throughout the body being fatal. ● Symptoms - Persistent cough,Coughing up blood / mucus,Chest pains, Shortness of breath,Fatigue,Fever, Loss in weight due to decreased appetite. ● Prevention - BGC Jabs ● Cause - Poor diet leading to malnutrition, People who suffer from HIV, Being around people who are infected

Pulmonary Fibrosis ● Pulmonary fibrosis is caused when scar tissue is formed in the lungs which is less elastic than the alveoli epithelial cells which contain elastin the scar tissue however doesn't this restricts the expulsion provided by the alveolus which reduces the tidal volume this leads to a lowered pulmonary ventilation. ● Symptoms – Dry cough, Fatigue, Weight loss, Coughing blood. ● Prevention – Breathing exercises (to make it better not fixed) ● Causes – Air pollutants, (Asbestos, Silica etc.)

Asthma ● Asthma is an allergic reaction to various allergens (animal fur, pollen, dust mites) that inflames the bronchi and bronchioles causing them to constrict lowering the volume of gas that can flow through the airways,this leads to a lower tidal volume lowering pulmonary ventilation causing physical activity to be harder, the linings of the airways also produce mucus further narrowing the pathway for air. The amount of mucus determines how life threatening the asthma attack is. ● Symptoms- Frequent cough, wheezing/coughing after exercise. ● Prevention- Avoid triggers, Preventer inhalers (Lessen inflammation) ● Causes- Family history of atopic conditions, Air pollutants, Stress.

Emphysema ● Emphysema is a disease which ruptures the alveoli which were small with a large surface area to form one larger alveolus with less surface area for capillaries to undergo gas exchange. The larger alveolus also prevents the elastic action of the alveoli working properly reducing tidal volume making them lose breath easier. ● Symptoms-Shortness of breath, Weight loss, Stress, Blueish skin colouration (Lack of oxygen in blood due to damaged gas exchange.) ● Prevention- Avoid air pollutants (Smoking etc.) ● Causes- Air pollutants, Genetics