Changing Attitudes and Values

I. New Social Order I. New Social Order A. Three Social ClassesA. Three Social Classes 1. New Upper Class (Entrepreneurs and aristocrats) 1. New Upper Class (Entrepreneurs and aristocrats) 2. Middle Class 2. Middle Class a. Upper-doctors-scientistsa. Upper-doctors-scientists b. lower-teachers-office workersb. lower-teachers-office workers 3. Workers and peasants- at bottom of social ladder at bottom of social ladder

B. Middle-class Values B. Middle-class Values 1. Strict code of etiquette ruled behavior1. Strict code of etiquette ruled behavior 2. Division of labor changed in family2. Division of labor changed in family 3. Cult of Domesticity-idealized women and the home.3. Cult of Domesticity-idealized women and the home. 4. Lower class women still worked as servants or in factories.4. Lower class women still worked as servants or in factories.

C. Women Work for Rights C. Women Work for Rights 1. campaigned for fairness in marriage, divorce, property 1. campaigned for fairness in marriage, divorce, property 2. Supported temperance movement (limit use of alcohol). 2. Supported temperance movement (limit use of alcohol). 3. Faced many obstacles- had few rights 3. Faced many obstacles- had few rights

D. leaders in movementD. leaders in movement 1. U.S. leaders- Susan B. Anthony, Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton. 1. U.S. leaders- Susan B. Anthony, Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton. 2. Began breaking down barriers by late 1800s. 2. Began breaking down barriers by late 1800s. E. Struggle for suffrage a. Faced intense opposition 1. critics claimed women were too emotional, 2. women’s place was in the home 3. Women needed protection from politics 4. Women got vote after WWI in Europe and U.S.

F. Growth of Public Education F. Growth of Public Education 1. By 1800s, Governments set up public education for all children.1. By 1800s, Governments set up public education for all children. a. Thought would produce better citizens. a. Thought would produce better citizens. b. By late 1800s, had norms and standards. b. By late 1800s, had norms and standards. 1. Became compulsory in England Became compulsory in England High schools were expanded by late 1800s.2. High schools were expanded by late 1800s.

2. Colleges expand during late 1800s.2. Colleges expand during late 1800s. A. Most students upper-middle class males. A. Most students upper-middle class males. B. Added courses in the sciences and engineering B. Added courses in the sciences and engineering C. Small colleges opened for women mid 1800s. C. Small colleges opened for women mid 1800s.

G. New Directions in Science G. New Directions in Science 1. John Dalton- developed modern atomic theory early 1800s.1. John Dalton- developed modern atomic theory early 1800s. 2. Charles Lydell-offered evidence earth formed over millions of years.2. Charles Lydell-offered evidence earth formed over millions of years Neanderthal bones discovered in Germany Neanderthal bones discovered in Germany 4. Charles Darwin put forth theory of evolution, “survival of the fittest”.4. Charles Darwin put forth theory of evolution, “survival of the fittest”.

In 1831, The HMS Beagle sailed on a five year journey around the world. The journey helped Darwin develop his theory of evolution.

H. Religion H. Religion 1. Remained a dominant force.1. Remained a dominant force. a. church groups helped working poor. a. church groups helped working poor. b. set up school and hospitals in slums b. set up school and hospitals in slums c. Social Gospel-urged Christians to social service. c. Social Gospel-urged Christians to social service. d. Campaigned for reforms in housing, education, healthcare. d. Campaigned for reforms in housing, education, healthcare.