First Aid Day V Objectives The student will be able to assess and respond to an Eye Injury The student will be able to assess and respond to Nose Injuries The student will be able to assess and respond to Dental Injuries The student will be able to assess and respond to an Chest, Abdominal, and Pelvic Injuries The student will be able to assess and respond to an Bone, Joint, and Muscle Injury The student will be able to understand and apply the basic concepts of Splinting The student will be able to assess and respond to Cramping The student will be able to define and apply the R.I.C.E principle SOLs: 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.3c, 9.3d, 9.3e, 9.4a, 9.4b, 9.5a, 9.5c,9.5d, 9.5e

Eye Injuries (COPY) Assess: –Open or Closed Impaled object Blows to the eye Foreign bodies Respond –Stabilize objects impaled in eye cavity and loosely cover open wounds –Cool area: apply ice to closed wounds –Monitor and Care: flush chemicals from eyes with warm water

Nose Injuries (COPY) Assess –Bleeding from one or both nostrils –Bleeding into the back of the mouth and down throat –Deformity Respond –Control bleeding: seat victim and tilt head slightly forward –Pinch nostrils together or let drain –Apply ice over the nose

Dental Injuries (COPY) Assess –Bleeding gums –Missing or broken teeth Respond –Control bleeding Rinse mouth and place rolled gauze in mouth –Monitor and Care Replace missing tooth in socket, or Keep tooth moist (in milk) Transport tooth and victim to dental professional

CHEST, ABDOMINAL, AND PELVIC INJURIES Overview: Can be life-threatening because they may involve damage to crucial organs or areas of the body –Sucking chest wound –Broken ribs –Blows to the abdomen –Protruding organs –Pelvic injuries

Assess: Sucking Chest Wounds (COPY) Puncture into chest cavity Air passes in and out of cavity

Respond: Sucking Chest Wound (COPY) Victim should take a breath and let it out 1. Activate EMS 2. Bandage and Protect –Seal wound with plastic leaving 1 corner open 3. Monitor and Care: If breathing doesn’t improve –Remove plastic cover to let air escape –Reapply plastic cover

Broken Ribs (COPY) Assess –Pain upon pressure or when the victim breathes, coughs, or moves –Bruising around injury Respond –Stabilize injury with a pillow or other soft object –Help victim rest –Activate EMS

Blows to the Abdomen (COPY) Assess: With fingertips –Pain, tenderness, muscle tightness –Bruising or bleeding Respond –Place victim in a comfortable, resting position –Monitor symptoms –Seek advanced care if necessary

Protruding Organs (COPY) Life-threatening Do NOT attempt to re-insert organs Position on back with the knees bent and raised Do NOT give food or drink

Assess : Protruding Organs (COPY) Organs visible through an open wound Respond 1. Call EMS 2. Bandage and Support: gently cover exposed organs with moist, sterile dressings 3. Monitor and Care –Responsiveness –A, B, C’s –Shock

Pelvic Injuries Assess –Pain upon gentle pressure. Don’t apply pressure if already in pain Respond –Call EMS Don’t move victim –Stabilize injury by preventing the victim from moving

BONE, JOINT, AND MUSCLE INJURY (COPY) Overview: Most frequent type of injuries –Bone Fracture –Sprains –Strains

Bones, Joints and Muscles Skeletal and muscular system give body shape and provide form and stability Bone and muscle connect to form interdependent segments to give the body movement capabilities

Bone Injuries (COPY) Closed (simple) –No open wounds around the injury Open (compound) –Show damaged or broken skin

Assess: Bone Injuries (COPY) Pain D-O-T-S (deformity, open wounds, tenderness, swelling) May feel or hear grating or popping sound Inability to use injured part Bone visible from an open wound Cause of injury may provide clues

Respond: Bone Injuries (COPY) Control bleeding if it is an open fracture Stabilize the injury to prevent from moving –If transporting, splint injury without adjusting position of the injury Seek medical attention for diagnosis and treatment

SplintingSplinting (COPY) Check CSM’s before and after splinting –Splint should include joint or bone above or below –Use blankets, boards, and bandages, or an uninjured body part –Triangular bandage for sling Types of splints –Soft –Anatomical –Rigid –Sling CSM’s –Circulation –Sensation –Movement –Skin Signs

Joint and Muscle Injury (COPY) Overexertion or impact to the body –Strain: muscles or tendons are stretched or torn –Sprain: ligaments are stretched or torn

Assess: Joint and Muscle Injury (COPY) Bruising and swelling Loss of function Numbness or loss of feeling Dislocation: joint separates and stays apart with the bone ends no longer in contact

Respond: Joint and Muscle Injury (COPY) Cool (R.I.C.E) –Apply ice for 20 minutes, every 2-3 hours for the first 24 hours, then heat –Stabilize injury: wrap with elastic bandage, or splint, if necessary –Monitor and care: elevate injured part above level of heart for first 24 hours when possible

Muscle Cramps (COPY) A muscle; spasms and contracts uncontrollably

Assess: Muscle Cramp (COPY) Sharp pain Tenderness Muscle tightness Restricted movement Victim grabbing muscle

Respond: Muscle Cramp (COPY) Monitor and Care (RICE) –Gently stretch the affected area –Apply pressure –Apply ice –Drink lightly salted cool water or sports drink –Pinch the upper lip hard to reduce calf muscle cramping

R.I.C.E (COPY) Rest victim Ice injured part Compress injury Elevate injury

Bell Ringer #5 Complex Break Scenario #5 Adam is walking through the woods and trips over a tree root sticking out of the ground. He immediately begins screaming for help because his shin bone is poking through the skin, and he is bleeding profusely. What can you do to help Adam? Please describe your actions. What steps would you take to ensure Adam’s safety?