Unit 02 - Overview The Need for Psychological Science The Scientific Method and Description Correlation and Experimentation Statistical Reasoning in Everyday.

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Presentation transcript:

Unit 02 - Overview The Need for Psychological Science The Scientific Method and Description Correlation and Experimentation Statistical Reasoning in Everyday Life Frequently Asked Questions About PsychologyFrequently Asked Questions About Psychology Click on the any of the above hyperlinks to go to that section in the presentation.

Did We Know It All Along? Hindsight Bias Hindsight Bias –“I knew it all along”

Overconfidence Richard Goranson Study

Perceiving Order in Random Events Comes from our need to make sense out of the world –Coin flip –Poker hand

The Scientific Attitude: Curious, Skeptical and Humble Three main components Hindsight bias, overconfidence and our tendency to perceive patters in random events often lead us to overestimate our intuition.

Critical Thinking –“Smart thinking” –Elements

The Scientific Method Theory Hypothesis Operational Definition Replication

The Scientific Method A good theory is useful if it:

Description The Case Study Case Study

Description Naturalistic Observation Naturalistic Observation

Description The Survey Survey Word effects Random sampling

Description The Survey Sampling

Module 06: Correlation and Experimentation

Correlation Correlation (correlation coefficient)Correlationcorrelation coefficient Scatterplot

Correlation

Correlation Correlation and Causation Correlation helps __________ –Does not __________________

Correlation Illusory Correlations

Experimentation Experiment

Experimentation Groups –Experimental GroupExperimental Group –Control GroupControl Group

Experimentation Randomly assigned –random samplerandom sample

Experimentation Blind (uninformed) –Single-Blind Procedure –Double-Blind ProcedureDouble-Blind Procedure Placebo Effect

Experimentation Independent and Dependent Variables Independent Variable –Confounding variableConfounding variable Dependent Variable Validity

Module 07: Statistical Reasoning in Everyday Life

The Need for Statistics Understanding basic statistics is beneficial for everyone

Descriptive Statistics Histogram –Scale labels

Descriptive Statistics Measures of Central Tendency Mean Median Mode Skewed distribution

Descriptive Statistics Measures of Variability Range Standard Deviation

Descriptive Statistics Measures of Variability Normal Curve

Inferential Statistics

Inferential Statistics When Is an Observed Difference Reliable? Inferential statistics

Inferential Statistics When Is a Difference Significant? Statistical significance

Module 08: Frequently Asked Questions About Psychology

Psychology Applied Can laboratory experiments illuminate everyday life? Does behavior depend on one’s culture and gender? –CultureCulture –Gender

Ethics in Research Ethics in animal research

Ethics in Research Ethics in human research –Informed consentInformed consent –DebriefingDebriefing