1. AP Psychology Rowland High School
Research methods
AP Psychology
Rowland High School

2. Research Methods The need for psychological science
The limits of human intuition
Intuition - something known or believed instinctively, without actual evidence for it
(ordered share)

3. Research Methods The need for psychological science
The limits of human intuition
Hindsight bias – the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it.
(ordered share)

4. Hindsight Bias

5. Hindsight Bias

8. Research Methods The Need for Psychological Science
The limits of human intuition
Hindsight bias
Overconfidence phenomenon
(group discussion)

9. Research Methods The Need for Psychological Science
The limits of human intuition
Hindsight bias
Overconfidence phenomenon
Confirmation bias

10. Research Methods
Directions: Create a bubble map describing qualities of a good scientist.

11. Research Methods The Scientific Attitude Curious eagerness
Skeptically scrutinize competing ideas
Open-minded humility before nature

12. What quality is most important for a scientist? Explain why.
Research Methods
Directions: Create a circle map describing qualities of a good scientist.
What quality is most important for a scientist? Explain why.

13. Research Methods
The Scientific method – a five-step process for empirical investigation of a hypothesis under conditions designed to control biases and subjective judgments.
Empirical investigation - an approach to research that relies on sensory
Theory – a testable explanation for a set of facts or observations.

14. Research Methods The Scientific Method Developing a hypothesis
Performing a controlled test
Gathering objective data
Analyzing the results
Publishing, criticizing, and replicating the results

15. Research Methods

16. Research Methods
Opening Activity: Which of the following ideas did you experience in the card activity? Explain.
The limits of human intuition
Hindsight bias
Overconfidence phenomenon
Confirmation bias

17. Research Methods Types of Psychological Research Experimental method
Hypothesis (if x, then y)
Operational definitions
Independent variable (stimuli)
Random presentation
Dependent variable (participants responses)
Confounding or extraneous variables
Control group
Random assignment

18. Research Methods Types of Psychological Research Experimental method
Example - Therapeutic Touch Therapy

19. Research Methods Types of Psychological Research
Experimental method (continued)
Blind procedure
Double-blind procedure
Placebo effect

20. Research Methods
Summarize: Write a 4-5 sentence summary of what you learned yesterday in class about the experimental method. Be prepared to share your summary.

21. Research Methods Presentation Topics: Non-experimental (ex post facto)
Correlation studies
Survey
Naturalistic study
Longitudinal /cross-sectional/cohort-sequential study
Personal and expectancy bias
Ethics in research (IRB & IACUC)
Deception in research
Animal studies

22. Research Methods Presentation Rubric:
The information is organized (think PowerPoint slide)
Everyone contributes to the poster
Everyone has a speaking role in the presentation
At least one example not from the textbook or handout

23. Research Methods Presentation Topics: Non-experimental (ex post facto)
Correlation studies
Survey
Naturalistic study
Longitudinal /cross-sectional/cohort-sequential study
Personal and expectancy bias
Ethics in research (IRB & IACUC)
Deception in research
Animal studies

24. Research Methods Non-Experimental (ex post facto) Correlation Studies
Correlation helps predict
Does not imply cause and effect

25. Correlation

26. Correlation

27. Correlation

28. Research Methods Non-Experimental (ex post facto) Correlation Studies
Survey (video clip)
Naturalistic study
Describes behavior
Does not explain behavior

29. Research Methods

30. Research Methods Non-Experimental (ex post facto) Correlation Studies
Survey (video clip)
Naturalistic study
Longitudinal /cross-sectional/cohort-sequential study
Case study
Suggest further study
Cannot discern general truths

31. Research Methods Personal and expectancy bias
Ethics in research (IRB & IACUC)
Informed Consent
Debrief
Deception in research
Animal studies

32. Research Methods Correlation How well does A predict B?
What is the relationship between A and B?
Positive versus negative correlation
Strength of the correlation coefficient
-1.0 to +1.0
Scatterplot

33. Comparing Research Methods

34. Opening Activity
Summarize: Write a 4-5 sentence summary of what you learned about research methods from the class presentations. Be prepared to share your summary.

35. Correlation

36. Correlation

37. Correlation

38. Correlation

39. Research Methods
Two Types of Statistics
Descriptive
Inferential

40. Research Methods Descriptive Statistics Frequency distribution
Histogram

41. Research Methods Measures of Central Tendency
Mode (occurs the most)
Mean (arithmetic average)
Median (middle score)
Range (highest score – lowest score)

42. Research Methods Descriptive Statistics Frequency distribution
Histogram

43. Normal Curve

44. Research Methods Measures of Central Tendency Mode (occurs the most)
Mean (arithmetic average)
Median (middle score)

45. Research Methods Measures of Variability Inferential Statistics Range
Standard deviation
Inferential Statistics
Representative sample
Significant difference
t test
p < .o5