1 WHAT IS “DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT” ? Design for Environment (DFE) is a product design approach for reducing the impact of products on the environment.

2 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT wikipedia.org Sustainable development (SD) is a pattern of resource use that aims to meet human needs while preserving the environment so that these needs can be met not only in the present, but also for generations to come. Sustainable design (also called environmental design, environmentally sustainable design, environmentally conscious design, etc.) is the philosophy of designing physical objects, the built environment, and services to comply with the principles of economic, social, and ecological sustainability. SUSTAINABLE DESIGN

3

4

5 Specification Development % of product impact on environment Conceptual Design Detailed design Time % - 80% of product impact on environment is established after 20% of design activity is complete (just like with production cost) WHY “DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT” ?

6 PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE Otto et al Product Design” Products may have an adverse effect on environment during their entire life cycle. Therefore, all life stages must beer considered in Design for Environment.

7 1.Specification Development / Planning Phase Determine need, customer and engineering requirements Develop a project plan 2.Conceptual Design Phase Generate and evaluate concepts Select best solution 3.Detail Design Phase Documentation and part specification Prototype evaluation 4.Production Phase Component manufacture and assembly Plant facilities / capabilities 5.Service Phase Installation, use, maintenance and safety 6.Product Retirement Phase Length of use, disposal, and recycle PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE This is when product has impact on environment

8 Otto et al Product Design” DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT GUIDELINES GuidelinesforPRODUCT STRUCTURE Guidelines forMATERIAL SELECTION GuidelinesforLABELING AND FINISH GuidelinesforFASTENING

9 PRODUCT STRUCTURE GUIDELINES GuidelineReason

10 MATERIAL SELECTION GUIDELINES Otto et al Product Design” GuidelineReason

11 LABELING AND FINISHING GUIDELINES Otto et al Product Design” GuidelineReason

12 FASTENING GUIDELINES Otto et al Product Design” GuidelineReason

13 GuidelinesforENVIRONMENTAL MANUFACTURING GuidelinesforRECYCLING AND DISPOSABILITY GuidelinesforENERGY EFFICIENCY GuidelinesforENVIRONMENTAL PACKAGING GuidelinesforHAZARDOUS MATERIAL MINIMIZATION GuidelinesforDESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ENVIRONMENT PRACTICES

14 DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANUFACTURING Non-toxic processes & production materials Minimum energy utilization Minimize emissions Minimize waste, scrap & by-products

15 DESIGN FOR RECYCLING AND DISPOSABILITY Re-use / refurbishment of components & assemblies Material selection to enable re-use (e.g., thermoset plastics vs. thermoplastics) and minimize toxicity Avoids filler material in plastics such as fiberglass and graphite Minimum number of materials / colors to facilitate separating materials and re-use Material identification to facilitate re-use Design to enable materials to be easily separated Design for disassembly (e.g., fracture points, fastening vs. bonding) Avoid use of adhesives Limit contaminants - additives, coatings, metal plating of plastics, etc. Maximize use of recycled or ground material with virgin material Design for serviceability to minimize disposal of non-working products

16 DESIGN FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY Appliances Heating & Cooling Home Electronics Office Equipment Lighting

17 DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PACKAGING Minimum of packaging materials Reusable pallets, totes and packaging Recyclable packaging materials Bio-degradable packaging materials

18 HAZARDOUS MATERIAL MINIMIZATION No ozone depleting CFCs or HCFCs used in manufacturing processes. Elimination of polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers and oxides (PBBEs/PBDEs and PBDOs) from products. Reduction in the use of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) mechanical parts.

19 DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY Provide ready access to parts, fasteners, etc. to support disassembly. Design modular products to enable modules to be disassembled for service or re-use. Minimize weight of individual parts and modules to facilitate disassembly. Use joining and fastening techniques to facilitate disassembly (e.g., fasteners instead of adhesives) Minimize fragile parts to enable re-use and re-assembly. Use connectors instead of hard-wired connections. Design to enable use of common hand tools for disassembly.

20 DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY Design for disassembly is nothing more than the planned mortality of human creation. Everything that is made must be unmade at some future date. This is the natural imperative. Everything must eventually be recycled, therefore, everything that is introduced into the biosphere must have a plan for its disposal when it is created!

21 BMW's 1991 Z1 Roadster, whose plastic side panels come apart like the halves of a walnut shell, is an example of a car designed for disassembly. One of the lessons learned, is that glue or solder in bumpers should be replaced with fasteners so that the bumpers can come apart more easily and the materials can be recycled. BMW is also changing instrument panels. In the past they were made of an assortment of synthetics glued together. Now BMW uses variations of polyurethane, foam, and rubber so the panel can be recycled. The portion of a car recycled is 80% by weight and BMW is aiming for 95%. DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY

22 Modular computer chassis – easy to separate components for disassembly DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY

23 "Dart" fastener - easy to separate components for disassembly DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY

24 Miniature fuel cells - easy to separate components for disassembly DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY

25 Human-powered portables DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY

26 Design to minimize material usage Design for disassembly Design for recycling Design for remanufacturing Design to minimize hazardous materials Design for energy efficiency Design to regulations and standards SUMMARY OF TECHNIQUES TO REDUCE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

27 EXAMPLES OF DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT Vegetable transmission fluid and hydraulic fluid Will not cause permanent contamination if spilled. BIODEGRADABILITY

28 Diesel engine 5L/100km EXAMPLES OF DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT Some not very cool products are excellent for environments

29 EXAMPLES OF DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT Not every cool design is necessarily good for environment

30 EXAMPLES OF DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT Not every cool design is necessarily good for environment

31 EXAMPLES OF DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT Not every cool design is necessarily good for environment

32 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

33 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

34 Materials Impacts ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT DURING THE LIFE OF PRODUCT

35 Manufacturing impact ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT DURING THE LIFE OF PRODUCT

36 Use & Transportation Impacts Energy and Fleet costs ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT DURING THE LIFE OF PRODUCT

37 End of Life Pollution Costs of Disposal ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT DURING THE LIFE OF PRODUCT

38 Glass Beer Bottles vs. Aluminum Beer Cans

39 Aluminum vs. Steel Wheels For more information please visit:

40 SolidWorks Sustainability