1. Design Issues  Patents and copyrights  Standards and liability  Design for Accessibility  Product lifecycle management

2. Stages of a Product  Design  Production  Distribution  Consumption/Maintenance  Retirement: reuse, recycle, dispose

3. Life Cycle Issues  Design:  standards  design delivery time  customer need, cost and profit  future upgrading  product testability  energy efficiency

4. Life Cycle Issues  Production  manufacturing cost and safety  energy consumption  materials logistics  production time  quality control  environmental considerations scrap by-products toxic by-products

5. Life Cycle Issues  Distribution  transportation cost  transportation time  Inventory  sales network

6. Life Cycle Issues  Consumption  customer training  repair and maintenance  spare parts  upgrades  energy use

7. Life Cycle Issues  Retirement  useful lifetime  trade-in/upgrade plan  end of customer support  reuse  recycle  disposal

8. Environmental and Energy Use Considerations  Design to minimize power consumption during manufacturing and use  Design for disassembly, reuse and recycling  Minimizing or eliminating the use of toxic chemicals in the manufacturing process  Minimizing or eliminating the use of heavy metals in products (like lead solder)  Selection of battery type, plastics used, etc.  Minimizing or recycling solvents, acids, etc. used in manufacturing

9. Legal Mandates on Environmental Issues  Electronic computer equipment is a complicated assembly of more than 1,000 materials  Many are highly toxic  chlorinated and brominated substances  toxic gases, toxic metals  photo-active and biologically active materials  acids  plastics and plastic additives  lead and cadmium in computer circuit boards  lead oxide and barium in CRTs  mercury in switches and flat screens  flame retardants

10. Legal Mandates on Environmental Issues  Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)  producer bears responsibility for the lifecycle environmental and health impacts of their products  Take-Back programs (Europe)  EPA – Energy Star Program  ISO 14001 Standard: International Standard on Environmental Management

11. Design Issues Paper Assignment  Design Issues paper  one per team  due: 5:00PM on Monday Nov. 21.  electronic submission to mas@msu.edu  WORD.docx or.doc file  for details see link on syllabus (Week 13)