1. 1 Product Development Process Requirements Definition (Chap. 3) Conceptual Design (Chap. 3 and 4) Detailed Design (Chap. 5) Manufacturing (Chap. 7) Logistics, Supply chain, and Environment (Chap. 8) Test and Evaluation (Chap. 6) Fig A8.1 Product Development Process

2. Chapter 8: Supply Chain: Logistics, Packaging, and the Environment 8.1 Important Definitions Supply chain is the “complete flow” of the product and includes all of the companies with a collective interest in a product’s success, from suppliers to manufacturers to distributors. –A video about “Supply Chain” by School of Business, Arizona State UniversityA video about “Supply Chain” Logistics is a discipline that reduces life cycle installation and support costs by planning and controlling the flow and storage material, parts, products, and information from conception to disposal. (In other words, logistics is the “management” of the “supply chain.”) 2

3. 8.1 Important Definitions (cont.) Packaging: The purposes of packaging are to reduce shipping costs, increase product protection and minimize the environmental impact and safety. 3

4. 8.3 Design for Supply Chain and Logistics Elements for successful Supply Chain System: –On time delivery –Ease of inquiry, order placement and order transmission –Timely communication and delivery –Accurate, complete and error-free paperwork –Responsive post-sales support such as technical information, repair and warranty –Commitment to environmental concerns including packaging and disposal Logistics and Supply Chain Design Considerations See Table 8.1 on p. 195. 4

6. 6 8.6 Packaging Design Packaging design - Six major purposes: 1.Cost 2.Protection 3.Communication and labeling 4.Convenience 5.Environmental considerations 6.Government and customer regulations Cost –Minimizing product weight –Maximizing product density (stackable products like chairs, use of custom designed packages) –Developing cost effective packaging methods (reusable shipping containers, etc.)

7. 7 8.6 Packaging Design (cont.) Protection –Physical damage (scratch, crush, etc.) –Environmental conditions such as humidity and temperature (especially for food and bio-medical products) –Packaging of electronic products (protecting them from static electricity, etc.) –Consideration of modes of transportation (truck, air, or ship) Communication and labeling –Communication (information about the product, contents in the box, and methods for handling) –Advertisement of the product and the company –Safety and warning labels (hazardous materials, etc.) –Multi-language communication and labeling

8. 8 8.6 Packaging Design (cont.) Convenience –Easy handling (size, shape, and weight) –Being able to be opened without tools –Packages which can be fold up or collapse when empty Environmental considerations –Eliminating the use of toxic substances for packaging materials –Use of reusable containers –Use of single materials in packaging for ease of recycling –Use of recyclable materials

9. 9 8.7 Design for the Environment (DFE) The hierarchy of design steps for DFE: Eliminate all wastes (most ideal) Reduce waste (if not then) Recycle (if not then) Treatment (if not then) Disposal (least desired)