PASS Objectives Content Standard 2.1 Cells function according to the information contained in the master code of DNA (i.e., cell cycle, DNA to DNA, and DNA to RNA).

The double helix shape of the DNA molecule was first described by Watson and Crick in 1953.

#1 DNA - 4 min

DNA Replication The process of duplicating a DNA molecule.

DNA Replication The DNA molecule begins to unzip at one end...

DNA Replication then each side "replicates" the missing part...

DNA Replication producing two molecules identical to the original.

#2 Replication - 7 min

If a cell was the size of the earth...

a chromosome would be the size of a country...

a piece of chromosome would be the size of a state...

a gene would be the size of a city...

and nucleotides (A, T, C, & G) would be the size of people.

Proteins are involved in ALL biological processes.

is different from

#3 RNA - 3 min

A chicken has 78 Chromosomes

A cat has 38 Chromosomes

An earthworm has 36 Chromosomes

A horse has 64 Chromosomes

Wheat has 42 Chromosomes

A white-tailed deer has 42 Chromosomes

An amoeba has 13 Chromosomes

Ophioglossum reticulatum, a species of fern, has the largest number of chromosomes, 1,260!

The smallest number of chromosomes would be 1, the circular chromosome found in most bacteria.

Gene from the male Gene from the female

ALLELES are different forms of a gene for a specific trait.

They may be the same, or different...

but they are always found at the same locus on homologous chromosomes.

What does this karyotype tell you?

How is this one different from the first?

How is this one different from both?

DNA stands for _____

DNA DNA stands for _____ Deoxyribonucleic Acid

The shape of a DNA molecule is a _____

DNA double helix The shape of a DNA molecule is a _____

The four nucleotides in DNA are _____

DNA A C T G The four nucleotides in DNA are _____

A always pairs with _____

DNA T A always pairs with _____

DNA is a molecule composed of repeating units, making it a _____

DNA Polymer DNA is a molecule composed of repeating units, making it a _____

DNA is normally found in a cell in long strands known as _____

DNA Chromatin DNA is normally found in a cell in long strands known as _____

Chromosomes are only found in cells when they are about to _____

DNA Divide Chromosomes are only found in cells when they are about to _____

Segments of a DNA molecule that code for a particular protein are called _____

DNA Genes Segments of a DNA molecule that code for a particular protein are called _____

The process of duplicating a DNA molecule is called _____

DNA Replication The process of duplicating a DNA molecule is called _____

DNA makes RNA by a process called _____

DNA Transcription DNA makes RNA by a process called _____

RNA makes proteins by a process called _____

DNA Translation RNA makes proteins by a process called _____

The sugar found in RNA is _____

DNA Ribose The sugar found in RNA is _____

Instead of the nucleotide thymine, RNA has _____

DNA Urasil Instead of the nucleotide thymine, RNA has _____

Instead of a double strand molecule, RNA is a _____

DNA Single strand Instead of a double strand molecule, RNA is a _____

_____ RNA carries information from the nucleus to the ribosomes.

DNA Messenger _____ RNA carries information from the nucleus to the ribosomes.

_____ are linked in the ribosomes to make proteins.

DNA Amino acids _____ are linked in the ribosomes to make proteins.

_____ RNA brings the amino acids to the ribosomes.

DNA Transfer _____ RNA brings the amino acids to the ribosomes.

A human body cell has _____ pairs of chromosomes.

DNA 23 A human body cell has _____ pairs of chromosomes.

A pair of chromosomes in a body cell are called _____ chromosomes.

DNA homologous A pair of chromosomes in a body cell are called _____ chromosomes.

A human sex cell has _____ chromosomes.

DNA 23 A human sex cell has _____ chromosomes.

The point where two chromatids attach is called the _____.

DNA Centromere The point where two chromatids attach is called the _____.

Different forms of the same gene are called _____.

DNA Alleles Different forms of the same gene are called _____.

A chart of chromosomes arranged in homologous pairs is called a _____.

DNA Karyotype A chart of chromosomes arranged in homologous pairs is called a _____.

A person whose pair of sex chromosomes is XX is a _____.

DNA Female A person whose pair of sex chromosomes is XX is a _____.

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