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DNA "The Blueprint of Life".

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Presentation on theme: "DNA "The Blueprint of Life"."— Presentation transcript:

1 DNA "The Blueprint of Life"

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3 DNA stands for... DeoxyriboNucleic Acid

4 DNA FACTS established by James Watson and Francis Crick
Shape of a double helix

5 codes for your genes  (traits)
made of repeating subunits called nucleotides

6 What is a nucleotide? Base Sugar Has three parts: PHOSPHATE
DEOXYRIBOSE (sugar) BASE  (A,T,G,C) Phosphate Base Sugar

7 Base-Pair Rule Adenine <==> Thymine Guanine <==> Cytosine
The sides of the DNA ladder are phosphate & sugar held together by  hydrogen bonds

8 Base Pair Rule One side:     A   T   A      T   C   A      T   G   C      G   G   G Other side:

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10 What is the relationship between GENES and DNA?

11 How the Code Works The combination of A,T,G,C determines what traits you might have..... C A T C A T   =  purple hair T A C T A C  =  yellow hair

12 Think of the bases of DNA like letters.
Letters form words.... Words form sentences....               *endless                combinations

13 Let's Review What We Know About DNA
1.  DNA stands for:   De _____ ribo ______  acid 2.  What is the shape of DNA? ______________ 3.  Who established the structure of DNA?  ____________ and ______________ 4.  Adenine always pairs with _______________ 5.  The sides of the DNA ladder are deoxyribose and _______________

14 6.  Guanine always pairs with _____________
7.  What is the complementary sequence:   C A T  T  A G 8.  The two sides of DNA are held together by _______ bonds. 9.  DNA is composed of repeating subunits called ______________________ 10.  What are the 4 bases that make up the rungs of the DNA ladder? ____________________

15 DNA REPLICATION the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself (cell division) SEMI-CONSERVATIVE - half of the old strand is saved

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17 RNA - the messenger *single strand *ribose sugar *contains no thymine, uracil instead *follows base pair rule, but A ⇒ U DNA:   A  T  A   G  C  G RNA:  

18 RNA carries the "message" to the ribosomes, where proteins are made

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20 What is a gene? A section of DNA, with many bases that codes for a protein Results in a TRAIT

21 How does DNA make a protein?
Biology 2A Advanced Section How does DNA make a protein?

22 DNA --> RNA --> Protein
Proteins are the building blocks of the organism (traits)

23 Transcription -  process where RNA is made from DNA
Translation - process where proteins are made from RNA

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