11/23/2015On Camera Flash1 Basic Photography Using Flash

11/23/2015On Camera Flash2 Basic Photography Concepts Automatic vs. Creative Modes EV Equivalent Value Lighting considerations Histogram Add Flash to you shot Guides as starting points

11/23/2015On Camera Flash3 Automatic vs. Manual Automatic is easy Quality is good I’m in a hurry Manual is difficult To many things do I need to think about. What are the advantages? The difference is consistency and control.

11/23/2015On Camera Flash4 Automatic vs. Creative Modes To what extend do you want to have control? Creative modes –AV, TV, P –Manual Custom Features –First curtain vs. second curtain –High speed sync Histogram

11/23/2015On Camera Flash5 Histogram in Camera To the left the picture is to dark, to the right it’s too bright Balanced is in the center A valuable tool in camera To darkTo bright

11/23/2015On Camera Flash6 Exposure Value Three choices, all with limitations –Aperture 22, 16, 11, 8, 5.6, 4, 2.8, 2, 1.4,1.2 –Shutter Speed100, 200,400,800.…8000 –ISO- 100, 200, 400, 800,1600…. 24,000

11/23/2015On Camera Flash7 Lighting Considerations What is your main light source? Direction of the light Color Temperature What affect do you want? Digital camera metering to 18% gray Increase exposure for white Decrease exposure for black Do I want, or need flash?

11/23/2015On Camera Flash8 Using On-camera Flash Built in flash unit Add on flash units –A or B type units –EX vs. EV units –Metering with TTL –Consider using EV changes on flash unit Camera Sync Speed Considering a purchase? Off camera flash – subject for another time

11/23/2015On Camera Flash9 Light Fall-Off (Inverse Square Law) Light Source Illuminated area = 1 sq ft Illuminated area = 4 sq ft 5ft For a given light source intensity: -Twice the distance results in 1/4 th illumination (i.e., 2 stops lower) -Three times distance results in 1/9 th illumination (i.e., >3 stops lower) -Four times distance results in 1/16 th illumination (i.e., 4 stops lower) Solutions: -Decrease distance between closest & furthest subjects -Back away from closest subject as much as possible -Use Large Diffuser (limited effectiveness when on-camera) -Use Bounce Flash (back wall, side wall, ceiling, reflector)

11/23/2015On Camera Flash10 Flash Unit Guide Number Guide Number shows the power of the flash unit. Useful tool to estimate exposure when distance is known: Guide Number / distance in feet= Aperture 580 EXII7D (mm)1415 Guide No4939 f /(ft)

11/23/2015On Camera Flash11 Add Flash to Composition As your primary light –Soft vs. hard light (demo flash) –Direct vs. indirect light (demo) –Light fall off (demo) –Ambient light (Demo) –Color Temperature (demo) Used a supplemental fill light –Control shadows, Highlight subject, Create soft light, Contrast Light fall off –Flash on subject is not affected EV, background is (Demo) –Adjust EV as subjects appear further away (Demo bounce flash) –Guide Number / distance in feet = Aperture

11/23/2015On Camera Flash12 Direct vs. Indirect light Direct light removes shadows and creates a flat picture. Direct light is a hard light Bounced flash softens light and skin tones

11/23/2015On Camera Flash13 Soft vs. Hard Light Look at the skin tones between a soft and hard light. Notice reflection of light from flash

11/23/2015On Camera Flash14 Light Fall Off Example shows how illumination is less the further apart the subjects are from the source.

11/23/2015On Camera Flash15 Solution for Light Fall Off Consider bouncing flash to balance illumination on subjects at different distances.

11/23/2015On Camera Flash16 Ambient Light In addition to your main light, you need to consider ambient light. –Tungsten add an orange color –Fluorescent – blue of green tint added

11/23/2015On Camera Flash17 Watch out for glasses! Direct light reflects off glasses. Also, “Red Eye” comes from reflection off of the eye retina.

11/23/2015On Camera Flash18 Color Temperature Solution Convert your flash to correct ambient light

11/23/2015On Camera Flash19 Light Fall Off Using Flash the light remains constant – Flash on subject is not affected by change in EV – Background illumination can be controlled with EV

11/23/2015On Camera Flash20 Notice the back ground! By just changing the shutter speed you control the color and texture of the back ground.

11/23/2015On Camera Flash21 Want more Shadow? Add flash and to the extreme. Adjust the angle and distance of the flash to control shadows.

11/23/2015On Camera Flash22 Live Demo Grey scale demo showing manual vs auto exposure modes. Color demo showing manual vs auto color selection Additional examples

11/23/2015On Camera Flash23 Starting Points Considerations/Rules of Thumb Read your equipment manual! Daylight- Rule 16: A 16, SS 100, ISO 100 Flash on subject in Sun light –Sun behind camera -3EV to -1EV –Sun at 90 degrees -2EV to 0EV –Sun behind subject -1EV to +1EV Indoor consider your color temperature Consider bounce flash to direct or soften light Consider shutter speed & ISO to supplement background Shoot Raw to have 16 bits of data per pixel to work with for flexibility Look at the camera’s RGB histogram Shoot a manual practice shot, then adjust the settings to your preference Play with flash - practice