The Atomic Bomb in Perspective

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Presentation transcript:

The Atomic Bomb in Perspective

Aircraft bombs-Major factor in Europe! Germany bombed England By 1941, 44,000 civilians killed FDR response: “The ruthless bombing of civilians…has sickened the hearts of every civilized man” US/British bombing in Europe Focus on German factories and ability to produce Early 1945, 2800 British/American bombers attack Dresden (100,000 Germans killed)

War in Pacific-More bombs Pearl Harbor-the bombs that got America into war Mar 1945-US attacks Tokyo 300 B-29 bombers First 6 hrs-100,000 dead 64 Japanese cities bombed General Hap Arnold said: Fire bombing of Japan caused following casualties: 241,000 dead, 313,000 wounded, 2,333,000 houses destroyed

Use of Atomic bomb-factors to consider American casualties so far in the war More than 1 million (killed, wounded, missing) POWs held in Japan were dying of starvation Americans at home were “war weary” Estimate of Japanese military strength 5,000,000 men and 5,000 kamikaze (suicide aircraft) Secretary of War, Harold Stimson: US land invasion of Japan would require 5,000,000 (Army and Navy)

Use of Atomic bomb-factors to consider Winston Churchill, British Prime Minister recalls…. News of the successful atomic bomb test brought relief that a land invasion could be avoided War in Europe already over but problems with Soviet Union Use of the bomb against Japan would serve to warn the Russians who might try to dominate Europe after the war Massive destruction of the “bomb” No full understanding of radiation dangers

Potsdam Declaration Clement Attlee Joseph Stalin Britain Harry Truman Russia Harry Truman USA

Declaration-Defines Terms of Japanese Surrender (July 26, 1945) Final warning, no changes, no delays Removal of leadership that deceived Japanese people Military disarmed Justice to war criminals Will not enslave Japanese or destroy nation Japanese will retain industry and trade Occupying forces withdraw when democracy established Unconditional surrender If not……prompt and utter destruction

Japanese reaction was mokusatsu – “kill with silence”

Timeline to destruction Reaction was mokusatsu – “kill with silence” US reaction Hiroshima. Aug 6, 1945 (8:16 am) Headquarters of 2 General Army, 43,000 soldiers Aircraft , Enola Gay, dropped 12.5 kiloton nuclear weapon 60% of city destroyed, 80,000 to 140,000 killed Nagasaki. Aug 9, 1945 (11:02 am) Major port city with large coal deposits Aircraft, Bock’s Car, dropped 22 kiloton nuclear weapon 23% of city destroyed 75,000 killed Between 12 and 20 US Prisoners of War killed Aug 15: Emperor Hirohito announces surrender

The world enters the Nuclear Age