2. War in Pacific October 1944 US troops and ships converged on Leyte Gulf in the Philippines. The Entire Japanese fleet went into Battle of Leyte Gulf; used kamikaze tactic or suicide plane attack; Battle was a disaster for Japan, losing 3 battleships, 4 carriers, 13 cruisers, 500 planes

3. War in Pacific Iwo Jima –The island was critical to US as base so bombers might reach Japan –The battle was the first American attack on the Japanese Home Islands, and the Imperial soldiers defended their positions tenaciously. –6,000 marines died taking island –Of the more than 18,000 Japanese soldiers present at the beginning of the battle, only 216 were taken prisoner –The battle was immortalized by Joe Rosenthal’s photograph of the raising of the U.S. flag on top of the 545 ft Mount Suribachi by five Marines and one Navy Corpsman.

6. Battle for the Pacific Battle for Okinawa –Last obstacle for Allied forces –Japanese fought desperately, with kamikaze attacks proving somewhat effective –US lost 7,600 soldiers, Japan lost 110,000 –Taking Okinawa and Iwo Jima paved way for invasion of Japan –Okinawa provided a base close to Japan from which to carry out an invasion of Japan.

7. Battle of the Pacific American scientist J. Robert Oppenheimer led Manhattan Project, development of atomic bomb; best-kept secret of war 600,000 people involved, very few knew its purpose; Truman didn’t know before he became president Estimates of US Casualties for the invasion of Japan ran as high a 500,000 Truman decided to use this new weapon.

8. Battle of the Pacific Aug 6, 1945, Enola Gay released “Little Boy” on Hiroshima, an important Japanese military center, turning the city to dust; Japan refused to surrender Aug 9, 1945 “Fat Man” was dropped on Nagasaki Hiroshima – 70,000 instant deaths, 69,000 injuries; Nagasaki – 39,000 dead, 25,000 injured; by end of 1945, over 200,000 dead as result of injuries or radiation Fat Man Little Boy

13. Distance from Ground Zero (km) Killed Injured Population – 0 - 1.0 27,300 (88%) 1,900 (6%) 30,900 – 1.0 - 2.5 9,500 (34%) 8,100 (29%) 27,700 – 2.5 - 5.0 1,300 (11%)11,000 (10%) 115,200 – Total 38,100 (22%) 21,000 (12%) 173,800 – Computed from data in A. W. Oughterson and S. Warren (Editors), "Medical Effects of the Atomic Bomb in Japan," McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., Chapter 4, 1956.

14. Sept 2, 1945, Japan unconditionally surrendered on US battleship Missouri

15. It’s Finally Over!!!!!

16. Rebuilding Begins Yalta Conference Held in Soviet territory in early 1945; Allies on brink of military victory Primary goal to reach agreement on postwar Europe Roosevelt, Stalin, and Churchill agreed on plans for Germany Stalin got his way with Polish territory, made promises December 1943 Stalin, Roosevelt, and Churchill Agreed on schedule for D-Day invasion Would work together in peace after the war Tehran Conference

17. July 1945 Small German city location for Potsdam Conference Growing ill will between Soviet Union and other Allies Closing months American and British leaders worried about Stalin’s intentions Concerned about spread of communism, growth of Soviet influence Three sides Soviet Union, Britain, and United States-new leaders for US and Britain Discussed many issues but had difficulty reaching agreement Stalin Did not respect democracies in Eastern Europe Another struggle beginning Potsdam Conference

18. Rebuilding Begins War Crimes –Nuremberg Trials – discovery of death camps led to 24 Nazi leaders to go on trial –12 of 24 were sentenced to death; 200 others were found guilty of lesser war crimes –Many argued trials didn’t go far enough to punish the guilty; many guilty did go free –Established principle that individuals are responsible for their own actions

20. Rebuilding Begins War Crimes –between 1937 and 1945, the Japanese military murdered 6,000,000 Chinese, Indonesians, Koreans, Filipinos, and Indochinese –The Japanese doctors and army commanders who had perpetrated the Unit 731 atrocities and germ warfare experiments received sentences from the Khabarovsk court ranging from two to 25 years –the Allied powers indicted 25 individuals as Class-A war criminals, and 5,700 individuals were indicted as Class-B or Class-C war criminals by Allied criminal trials. Of these, 920 were executed, 475 received life sentences, 2,944 received some prison terms

22. Rebuilding Begins Germany was partitioned into four parts, each under the administration of an Allied power. The United States alone occupied and helped rebuild Japan.