Splash Screen

Daily Focus Skills 2 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Section 2-1 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Guide to Reading In search of trade routes, Portuguese explorers ushered in an era of overseas exploration.  line of demarcation  Main Idea Key Terms strait  circumnavigate

Section 2-2 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Guide to Reading (cont.) Organizing Information As you read the section, re-create the diagram on page 43 of your textbook and identify explorers, when they traveled, and where they went.  how Portugal led the way in overseas exploration.  Reading Strategy Read to Learn about Columbus’s plan for sailing to Asia.

Section 2-3 Guide to Reading (cont.) Geography and History In 1400 Europeans had a limited knowledge of the geography of the world. Section Theme

Section 2-4 Click the Speaker button to replay the audio. Compass

Section 2-5 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Seeking New Trade Routes The Portuguese were the leaders of early exploration.  (pages 43–44) They hoped to find a new route to China and India.  They also helped to find a more direct way to get West African gold.  Prince Henry of Portugal (also called Henry the Navigator) set up a center for exploration so that scientists could share their knowledge with shipbuilders and sailors.

Section 2-6 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Ships sailed south along the coast of West Africa (also called the Gold Coast) where they traded for gold and ivory.  In 1487 Bartholomeu Dias explored the southernmost part of Africa.  This became known as the Cape of Good Hope.  The king of Portugal hoped the passage around the tip of Africa would lead to a new route to India. Seeking New Trade Routes (cont.) (pages 43–44)

Section 2-7 In 1497 Vasco da Gama was the first to sail around the Cape of Good Hope.  Seeking New Trade Routes (cont.) (pages 43–44) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. He visited East African cities and reached India in 1498.

Section 2-9 Columbus Crosses the Atlantic The Vikings reached North America and established settlements in Iceland and Greenland in the 800s and 900s.  (pages 45–49) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Viking sailor Leif Eriksson explored land west of Greenland known as Vinland about the year  Historians think that Vinland was North America.  No one is sure what other parts of North America the Vikings explored.

Section 2-10 Queen Isabella of Spain sponsored Columbus on his first voyage in August  Columbus Crosses the Atlantic (cont.) (pages 45–49) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. He set out with three ships to find a route to Asia.  On October 12, 1492, he spotted land, named it San Salvador, and claimed it for Spain.  He did not know that he had reached the Americas. He was convinced that he had reached the East Indies.

Section 2-11 Columbus made three additional voyages in 1493, 1498, and  Columbus Crosses the Atlantic (cont.) (pages 45–49) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. He explored the Caribbean islands of Hispaniola, Cuba, and Jamaica and sailed along the coasts of Central America and northern South America.  He claimed these lands for Spain.

Section 2-12 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The Treaty of Tordesillas was signed by Spain and Portugal to clarify the line of demarcation between their lands in the Americas.  The treaty moved the line farther west so that Portugal would not be at a disadvantage.  Spain was to have control of all the lands to the west of the line, and Portugal was to have control of all the lands to the east of the line. Columbus Crosses the Atlantic (cont.) (pages 45–49)

Section 2-13 Amerigo Vespucci mapped South America’s coastline in  Columbus Crosses the Atlantic (cont.) (pages 45–49) He concluded South America was a continent, but not part of Asia.  European geographers called the continent America, in honor of Amerigo Vespucci.  Vasco Núñez de Balboa claimed the Pacific and adjoining lands for Spain. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

Section 2-14 Ferdinand Magellan, sailing from Spain in 1519, found a passage to the Pacific, the Strait of Magellan.  Columbus Crosses the Atlantic (cont.) (pages 45–49) Magellan sailed around South America and toward Spain.  Magellan was killed in an island battle along the way, but a small number of his crew made it all the way to Spain.  The crew became the first to circumnavigate the world. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

Section 2-15 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Why did European explorers attempt these difficult journeys? Possible answer: European explorers attempted these journeys because of the excitement, gaining wealth and fame, being dedicated to a goal, and so on. Columbus Crosses the Atlantic (cont.) (pages 45–49)

Section 2-16 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Checking for Understanding __ 1.a narrow passageway connecting two larger bodies of water __ 2.to sail around around the world __ 3.an imaginary line running down the middle of the Atlantic Ocean from the North Pole to the South Pole dividing the Americas between Spain and Portugal A.line of demarcation B.strait C.circumnavigate Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. B C A

Section 2-18 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Reviewing Themes Geography and History What nations signed the Treaty of Tordesillas? What was the purpose of the line of demarcation? How did the treaty affect European exploration of the Americas? Spain and Portugal signed the Treaty of Tordesillas. The line of demarcation determined control of lands by Spain (all lands west of the line) and Portugal (all lands east of the line).

Section 2-19 Critical Thinking Making Inferences For years, many history books claimed that “Columbus discovered America.” Why do you think Native Americans might disagree with the word “discovered” in this statement? What might be a better word? Native Americans lived in the Americas before Columbus arrived. Better words may include: claimed, encountered, came upon, or reached. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Section 2-20 Analyzing Visuals Geography Skills Review the map of European voyages of exploration on page 48; then answer the questions that follow. When did Verrazano make his voyage? For what country did he sail? How did Cabot’s route to the Americas differ from that of Columbus? Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Maps and Charts 2

Section 2-20 Analyzing Visuals Geography Skills Review the map of European voyages of exploration on page 48; then answer the questions that follow. When did Verrazano make his voyage? For what country did he sail? How did Cabot’s route to the Americas differ from that of Columbus? Verrazano made his voyage in He sailed for France. He traveled father north than Columbus. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Section 2-21 PART A: Draw a map of the world as you think Columbus might have seen it in Remember his error in calculating distance. Label as many countries (according to Columbus) as you can. Then, on the back side of your paper, draw the world as we know it today. Label as many countries (according to what we know today) as you can. Make sure to label BOTH maps. PART B: Then, answer the following question on a separate sheet of paper and staple it to your map: Compare the world as Columbus knew it to the world we know today. What are the similarities? What are the differences? 3 paragraphs minimum.

SECTIONS RE-READ Sections 2.3 and 2.4. Fill in the Chart on the next slide.

Section 2-17 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Checking for Understanding Reviewing Facts Who were the first Europeans to reach the Americas and when did they arrive? The first Europeans to reach the Americas were the Vikings (c1000); Christopher Columbus (1492) and Vasco Núñez de Balboa (1513).

Fill in the chart below: EXPLORATIONS OF THE AMERICAS RegionsPeopleCausesEffects MexicoAztecs, Hernan Cortes North America Peru Cibola Juan De Oñate Bartolome de Las Casas John Calvin, Martin Luther Protestant Reformation John Cabot Henry Hudson Samuel de Champlain Giovani da Verrazano Jacques Cartier