I CAN Explain the general premise of humanismExplain the general premise of humanism Distinguish the major humanist theoristsDistinguish the major humanist theorists Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
The Humanistic Theory Personality is not driven by unconscious conflicts and defenses against anxiety…but by the need to adapt, learn, grow, and excelPersonality is not driven by unconscious conflicts and defenses against anxiety…but by the need to adapt, learn, grow, and excel
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 The Attribution Theory Locus refers to the location of the attribution: internal or external Stability denotes whether or not the attribute will stay the same or change. For example, ability is considered a fairly stable factor, whereas effort is readily increased and deemed unstable. Controllability is the student's ability to affect the outcome by controlling the factors that caused it. Uncontrollable attributions are not within the student's control, like feeling ill. The Attribution Theory is based on the reasons for our successes and failures. Every attribution is categorized in terms of locus, stability, and controllability.
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Humanistic Theories Humanistic Theories include Gordon Allport’s Trait Theory Abraham Maslow’s Self-Actualizing Personality Carl Roger’s Fully Functioning Person
Gordon Allport Traits Traits Stable personality characteristics that are presumed to exist within the individual and guide his or her thoughts and actions under various conditions He catalogued 18,000 human traits from dictionaries There are 3 Types of traits: 1.Central- Form the basis of personality: happy, sad. moody, angry, tense 2.Secondary- include preferences and attitudes 3.Cardinal- These traits dominate the personality to the point that people are famous for them: Mother Theresa, Scrooge Most people never develop this type of trait
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Abraham Maslow and the Healthy Personality Self-Actualizing Personalities Healthy individuals who have met their basic needs and are free to be creative and fulfill their potentials Possess no neurotic need for the approval of others
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Carl Rogers’s Fully Functioning Person Term for a healthy, self-actualizing individual… …who has a positive self-concept that is harmonious with reality Roger’s Phenomenal Field Our psychological reality, composed of one’s perceptions and feelings We respond to this subjective (biased) perception not to the objective reality That’s why a grade of a C will shock someone who always gets As but make someone who is failing happy…
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Unconditional Positive Regard Love or caring without conditions attached
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Evaluating Humanistic Theories Problems: Problems: Fuzzy areas in the theories Fuzzy areas in the theories They can’t be tested.. lack an empirical base… can’t be proven false They can’t be tested.. lack an empirical base… can’t be proven false
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Evaluating Humanistic Theories Positive Psychology Positive Psychology Recent movement in psychology Recent movement in psychology Pursues essentially the same goals as humanists but are more concerned with scientific support of theories Pursues essentially the same goals as humanists but are more concerned with scientific support of theories It studies the strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive It studies the strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive Positive psychologists seek to make normal life more fulfilling", not to cure mental illness Positive psychologists seek to make normal life more fulfilling", not to cure mental illness
CAN I? Explain the general premise of humanism Explain the general premise of humanism Distinguish the major humanist theorists Distinguish the major humanist theorists Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007